An Overview of Color Detection Schemes for Electronic Image SensorsNathan Yan ([email protected])Electronic image sensors used for nearly all imaging purposes today rely on measuring electrons produced by the photoelectric effect. An inherent limitation of counting electrons produced by the photoelectric effect is that chrominance information is lost. Each measured photoelectron indicates only that a photon was absorbed – current electronic photodetectors have no intrinsic process by which to discriminate absorbed photons of the 400nm wavelength variety (blue light) or the 700nm variety (red light), or any other wavelength in its response spectra, and therefore regards them as the same - thus the basic electronic image sensor is inherently monochromatic. A number of schemes are currently used with electronic image sensors to derive color, each with advantages and tradeoffs. New schemes and modifications of existing ones seek to lower cost; improve resolution and color accuracy; and decrease light-loss relative to the base monochromatic sensor.Superlens Contact Lithography overcoming the diffraction limitJunsuk Rho ( [email protected])In optics, the diffraction limit is one of the most critical factors to determine the performance of the system. Recently, overcoming the conventional optical system such as superlens and hyperlens have been developed, thus now we have many possibilities to apply them into the nano scale technology. Especially, I propose a novel method of superlens contact lithography (SCL) to achieve ultra-high resolution while maintaining high throughput. The method utilizes cheap broad-band or UV light and is compatible with conventional semiconductor processes. Because SCL utilizes a thin immersion layer, it offers the advantage of avoiding residues, as is usually the case with contact lithography. The cost of such a system is also very attractive: it is simple and easy to implement, without the use of exotic materials.!!!!!!!Why can we watch 3D movie? Tzu-Cheng Chuang ([email protected]) Movies of nowadays in the theater have three-dimension or higher technol- ogy can create four-dimension. When we go to IMAX, for example, to watch the movie, we can feel like that we are in that circumstances, the screen is not as two-dimension in the past. How do they make it? What technology do they use now? Three-dimensional movie is not really a three-D film but just cheating our vision which let us feel like the object is three-dimension as real. The goal of this project is to analyze what the three-dimensional devices do and why they can cheat our sense of sight.CCD and CMOS Digital Image SensorsYunlin Zhang (zhang.yl@berkeley)When a photon of enough energy interacts with the periodic lattice of a material such as a semiconductor, it may create a pair of free electron and hole. Manipulations of these pair then can be used to store information regarding the incident light, and, through electronic means, can be read back to reconstruct intensity information. Digital image sensors take advantage of this property of semiconductors. Two mainstream sensor technologies today detect light either with a photodiode or a photogate. These technologies are based off different design philosophies and make use of distinct features of their respective devices. Neither of these devices is perfect: they both have areas where they shine, and other that are since as flaws. It was not long ago when film cameras were ubiquitous in the consumer market, and digital represented but a niche market of special needs. Film started in the late nineteenth century, and remained as the only form capturing past events for almost a century. However, advances in semiconductor fabrication set up the stage for the eventual displacement of the century-old technology. Today, digital systems are the basis for imaging in mission critical systems, as well as consumer electronics. The mainstream image sensors fall into two categories: charge-coupled device (CCD), and complementary MOS (CMOS) sensors. Demise of both technologies has been prophesized by theproponents of the other camp; the deadlines of these predictions have come and gone, while the two devices are still very much alive in the market. The two will continue to grow due to breakthroughs in fabrication technology and increasing demand in various markets.Description of the working principles of Superlens in order to achieve sub-diffraction-limited resolution imaging in the near field, and Hyperlens systems for magnification of sub-diffraction limited imaging and projection into the far field.Michalis Ramp([email protected])In this paper the operation principles of superlenses and hyperlenses optical systems are presented and described. In a conventional lens the sharpness of the image is always limited by the wavelength of light. An unconventional alternative to a lens, a material of negative refractive index can allow the recovery of evanescent waves in an image via the excitation of surface plasmons. This material baptized, superlens, is described and it demonstrated sub–diffraction-limited imaging by proper design of its geometrical characteristics. Optical Hyperlens systems are capable of forming a magnified optical image of a subwavelength object in the far field. This is achieved by using metamaterials that with careful design can support propagating waves with very large wave numbers. Thus the magnification of subwavelength features of imaged objects is possible so that these features are above the diffraction limit at the Hyperlens output. The output of the Hyperlens consists entirely of propagating waves, which can be processed by conventional optics making possible the projection of a subwavelength object in the far field.Review of Anti-Reflection Coatings and Light Trapping Surfaces for Solar Cell Performance EnhancementMatthew Beres([email protected])" Antireflection (AR) coatings and light trappings surfaces can reduce many types of photo-induced current conversion losses in solar cells, including surface reflection, non-absorption and surface recombination. Antireflection coatings enhance short-circuit current density by reducing