KIN380 Malin Case StudyDiet, Supplements and Athletic Performance Case StudyName: Victoria Newbury Date: 08/02/14Reilly is a 20-year-old female cross-country runner who has recently been struggling to increase her running time. Reilly was a great high school runner, but finds it more challenging at the college level. She’s been struggling most with finding time to balance athletics, schoolwork and proper diet/sleep. She currently weighs 61 kg and has 55kg of fat-free mass with 10% body fat. Her height is 5”4 and she has a resting metabolic rate that equals 1,450kcal. Multiplied by 1.8 (an activity factor) she needs to eat 2,610kcal a day in order to maintain her body weight. Reilly usually trains twice daily. Typically, at the end of a run, she weighs 2kg less than she did prior to the run. Reason for consultancy She has made an appointment to see you privately because her coach has encouraged her to change her lifestyle so she can compete more effectively. She isn’t sure where to begin and needs your help with identifying ways to optimally combine diet with exercise so she can improve her running performance. She has less than 2 months before conference finals. Current dietary patterns A couple of her teammates have suggested eating less because itwill increase fat “burning” and spare sugar use in the muscle. They also suggest she not consume Gatorade during workouts because it prevents training adaptations in fat metabolism. They also suggest drinking water only to keep hydrated because carbohydrate based drinks add extra calories, which may cause weight gain during the season. She typically eats 4 meals per daythough and thinks if she makes a few changes she’ll see improvements. However, she isn’t sure exactly how much carbohydrate, protein and fat she should be eating. Note: Questions may have more than 1 correct answer. List all answer(s) in the blank space before each question. Type answersKIN380 Malin Case Studyto short essay questions in the space provided (this answers should not spill over onto the next page). ACD 1. Based on the above information, what nutrition strategieswould you suggest Reilly stop immediately and start doing to assist her in improving performance? (1 point)a. Increase total energy intake to ensure energy balanceb. Increase only protein intake to spare muscle massc. Increase total energy intake with emphasis on carbohydrate based meals. d. Improve the timing and nutritional composition of his meals to maximize recovery between training sessions e. b and c only2. Regardless of whether you think answer A is correct, discuss how energy deficit could affect running performance. Make sure to include points about the effects negative energy balance have on carbohydrate and protein metabolism in relation to running performance. (3 points)Energy deficit could affect running performance by changing the usage percentage of each energy system. Instead of mainly using carbohydrates or fat, the body may resort to using protein due to a negative energy balance. When protein is used during exercise, it is causing muscle atrophy and can therefore negatively affect running performance. This would typically occur after running for a long period of time at a high intensity when all available carbohydrates are used up. Because fatoxidation is a slow process, it is used mainly at lower intensities. Fat will be used minimally at high intensities. Carbohydrates are the main energy source at high intensity exercise (such as running) but only last for soKIN380 Malin Case Studylong based on what is available in the body.3. Regardless of whether you think answer C is correct, how muchcarbohydrate should Reilly be consuming on a daily basis? Explain how being in carbohydrate balance may help improve running time. Show all mathematical work. (2 points) Reilly weighs 61 kg.61 kg * 5 g CHO/kg BW = 305 g CHO = 1220 kcals CHO61 kg * 10 g CHO/kg BW = 610 g CHO = 2440 kcals CHOAs stated in lecture 10, athletes should eat 5-10 g of CHO per kg of body weight. So, because Reilly weighs 61 kg, she should consume 305-610 g of CHO per day. This is equal to 1220 – 2440 kcals per day. Being in carbohydrate balance may help improve Reilly’s running time by preventing a negative energy balance from occurring. Running is a fairly intense activity so the carbohydrate energy system will be used the most. By having carbohydrates available while running, this can prevent the body from resorting to using protein as an energy source and creating a negative energy balance. 4. If Reilly consumes 17% of her calories from Protein. How many grams of protein does he consume per day? How many grams of protein per kilogram of fat-free mass is this? Would you suggest she eat more or less protein based on her current intake (hint be careful about the units on this)? Why or why not? Show mathematical work. (3 points) 2610 kcals/day * 17% protein = 443.7 kcals PRO/day443.7 kcals PRO/day / 4 kcal/g PRO = 110.925 g PRO/day110.925 g PRO/day / 55 kg fat-free mass = 2.0168 g PRO/kg fat free-mass110.925 g PRO/day / 61 kg BW = 1.81 g PRO /kg BWReilly consumes 110.925 g protein per day. This is equal to 2.02 g protein per kg of fat free mass. Based on her current intake, I would say that should consume a little bitless protein. She is consuming about 1.81 g protein per kgBW. As stated in lecture 12, the recommended protein consumption for endurance athletes is about 1.2 – 1.5 gKIN380 Malin Case Studyprotein/kg BW. She doesn’t need to eat that much protein in order to sustain her current level of exercise. It is probably more important for her to consume more carbohydrates in place of the extra protein.5. Reilly consumes 44% of her calories from carbohydrate at this time. How many grams of carbohydrate does Reilly consume per day? How does this compare with the recommended range of carbohydrate consumption for athletes? Show mathematical work. (2 points)2610 kcals/day * 44% carbohydrates = 1148.4 kcals CHO/day1148.4 kcals CHO/day / 4 kcals/g CHO = 287.1 g CHO/dayReilly consumes 287 g carbohydrate per day. This is significantly less than the recommended range of carbohydrate consumption for athletes, as she doesn’t even meet the minimum requirements of 305 g carbohydrates per day. She should be consuming much more carbohydrates in order to sustain her lifestyle and improve her running time.6. When speaking to Reilly about her diet you find that she takes caffeine and carnitine