HIST 158 1st Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last LectureI. The Renaissancea. Crises in the 14th Centuryb. Age of Republicsc. HumanismOutline of Current LectureI. Humanisma. Intellectual thinkingb. Educationc. Virtued. PhilosophyII. The ArtsCurrent LectureI. Humanisma. Intellectual thinkingi. Lorenzo Valla (1407-1457)- the first modern historianii. Through critical analysis, he proved that the Donation of Constantine was forged1. Donation of Constantine- the Pope’s claim to power and land2. Before this time, people revered anything written (especially written in ancient times)3. Through intellectual thinking the whole edifice crumbled and Popes were no longer in control of spiritual and secular powerb. Educationi. Humanist education- gives people freedom and dignity (studied history, language arts, humanities, social sciences, etc.)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.ii. In comparison to a Medieval Education that trained specialists and had a utilitarian focus1. Trivium- grammar, rhetoric, logic2. Quadrivium- arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, musiciii. Humanists refocused on verbal skills and materials; taught languages, history, philosophy; trained generalists1. Why? in a time becoming dominated by global trade it was necessary for people to understand and speak to people of other nationalities2. “A humanist is a wise man who can govern.” –Petrarchc. Virtuei. No longer inherited, could be taughtii. Greek and Latiniii. Historic text offered concrete examplesiv. Belief that a single person could direct the course of historyv. Focus on moral philosophy and physical educationvi. Sons of merchants and noble families were now receiving a similar education, which brought the two social groups closervii. Women1. Poorer women had more freedom and saw more of the world than middle/upper class women that were controlled by their fathers/husbands and had no public lives outside of the house2. Nogarola- wrote that Eve ate the fruit out of weakness (for pleasure) but Adam ate it for power. Nogarola blames men for the sin of all future generations (and for women’s weaknessesd. Philosophy: Dignity of Mani. Man had reason and free willii. Renaissance nobility was based on virtueII. The Artsa. Beauty was a sign of powerb. Until this time, the church had provided funds for the artsc. Italian artists tried to bring ancient art back to life called the artists “treasure seekers” – Giorgio Vasahd. Characteristics of Renaissance Stylei. Perspectiveii. Focus on human formiii. Rediscovery of portraitiv. Exploration of psychology and feelingv. Precursor: Giotto’s (1267-1337) painting of Jesus’ portrayal included a great display of
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