CHEM 2211 1nd Edition Lecture 3Outline of Last Lecture I. Organic acids and bases Outline of Current Lecture I. types of carbons a. an hydrogens II. common nomenclature naming Current LectureTypes of Carbon There are three types of carbon 1. primary 2. secondary 3. tertiary Primary C: - a primary carbon is a carbon that is only bonded to one other carbon Secondary C: - a secondary carbons is a carbon that is bonded to two other carbons Tertiary C: - a tertiary carbon is a carbon bonded to three other carbons There are also three types of hydrogens Primary H: - is all the hydrogens bonded to a primary carbon - there are usually 3 primary hydrogens These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Secondary H: - is all the hydrogens bonded to a secondary carbon - there are usually 2 secondary hydrogens per secondary carbon Tertiary H: - the hydrogens bonded to a tertiary carbon - there are usually only 1 hydrogen per tertiary carbonCommon nomenclature namingAlkanes - consist of all single bonds- C-C and C-H only - Named by using prefix than ane at end - The longer the chain the higher the melting point, boiling point and densities go Ex: Pentane - Chain is 5 carbons- Only single bonds - Only carbons and hydrogens - So named with pent prefix and ane suffix Prefixes for nomenclature 1. Meth CH42. Eth CH3CH23. Prop CH3CH2CH24. But CH3CH2CH2CH25. Pent CH3CH2CH2CH2CH26. Hex CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH27. Hept CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH28. Oct CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH29. Non etc……..10. Dec11. Undec12. Duodec13. Tridec14. TetradecHow to name alkyl substituents - Alkyl subs are produced by removing a H from a alkane - Alkyl subs are named by taking the ane and replacing it with yl If replaced with a: - OH o It becomes an alcohol - NH2o It becomes an amine - X= halides o It becomes an alkyl halide - R-O-R o It becomes an ether o R represents any two groups mostly an oxygen placed between two carbon groups Examples of each - Alcoholo CH3CH2OH in skeletal OHo Split up CH3CH2 and OH o OH makes it an alcohol o CH3Ch2 is an ethyl group o Name: ethylalcohol - Amine o CH3CH2CH2NH2 in skeletal NH2o NH2 is amine groupo CH3CH2CH2 is propyl groupo Name: propylamine- Halides o CH3I in skeletal I o I is the halide o CH3 is methyl o Name: methylIodide - Ether o CH3CH2OCH3 in skeletal Oo Separate it into parts o CH3CH2 is ethyl o CH3 is methyl on the other side o The O in the middle makes it an ether o Name goes alphabeticallyo Name: methyl ethyl ether Isomers of compounds, branched alkanes - N-- Iso- - Sec-- Tert-N:- Stands for normal - It is used in common naming - Ex: n-butyl bromide Bro 4 carbons o 1 bromideo All in line no branches Iso: - Best described as split at the end - Ex: Iso-butane Sec or s-: - Attached to a carbon attached to two other carbons - Ex:- Sec-butyl Tert or T-: - Attached to a carbon attached to 3 other carbons - Ex: of a tert group
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