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UNT CHEM 1360 - Exam 1 Study Guide
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CHEM 1360 1nd EditionExam # 1 Study Guide chapters: 1 - 2*important notes to study for the first examChapter 1- Alchemy- a mixture of chemistry and magic that began in EuropeNatural philosophy- philosophical explanation about natureTechnology- application of knowledge for practical purposesScience- grew out of Greek philosophy, alchemy, and natural philosophy Francis Bacon thought that science would increase human happiness and prosperityThe main theme of Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring was that life on Earth would be destroyed by pesticidesGalileo has been called the father of modern science because he made observations and did experimentsA goal of green chemistry is to reduce pollutionThe best exemplifies sustainable chemistry is that paper is made from hardwood treesTo gather information to support or discredit a hypothesis, a scientist conducts experimentsThe statement that mass is always conserved when chemical changes occur is an example of ascientific law A successful theory can be used to make predictions Extrasensory perception works only when no negative forces are present is NOT a hypothesisA possible explanation for a collection of observations is called a theorySocial problems are difficult to solve because it is difficult to control variablesOur perception of risk is often different from actual riskThe highest risk of death is associated with cigarettesBasic research: a scientist seeks to extract biologically active compounds from sea sponges, scientists identify adrenal hormones and determine their structure and biological effectsApplied research: a chemist tries to develop a new antibiotic similar to ampicillin, a team of scientists tries to genetically engineer a variety of rice that contains vitamin AA sentiment is NOT an example of matter, Air is an example of matter.Two identical items are taken from Earth to Mars, where they have the same mass but not thesame weight as on earth Physical change does not alter the identity of a material Bending glass tubing in a hot flame involves a physical changeTransforming liquid water into steam involves a physical changeCopper tarnishes is a chemical propertySheep are sheared and the will is spun into yarn is an example of a physical changeA tree is watered and fertilized and it grows larger is an example of a chemical changeA gas has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape; soda water is a mixture; brass is NOTan elementA compound can be separated into its element by chemical means; The smallest part of an element is an atomThe symbol for potassium is K; Br is the symbol for bromineThe SI unit of length is the meter; SI unit of mass is the kilogramThe prefix that means 10^-6 is micro; a meter is about 10% longer than a yardOne cubic centimeter is equal to one milliliter; one quart is slightly less than one literA rope is 5.775 cm long , the length is 57.75 mm; a peanut has a mass of one gramA cell phone has a thickness of 1 cm; 1 cup has a volume of 250 mlThe density of a wood plank floating on a lake is less than that of waterA pebble and a lead sinker both sink when dropped into a pond, the two objects are both more dense than waterIce floats on liquid water, a value for the density of ice is 0.92g/cm^3A prospector panning for gold swirls a mixture of mud, gravel, and water in a pan, gold is at the bottom because it has density and sinksUranium (d=19.5 g/cm^3) will sink in a pool of mercuryIf the volume of a rock is 80.0cm^3 and its mass is 160.0 g, its density is 128 g/cm^3Heat is the energy flow from a hot object to a cold one The SI scale for temperature is known as the Kelvin scale; water freezes at 0CTo convert a temperature on the Kelvin scale to degrees Celsius, we subtract 273The SI unit of energy is the jouleChapter 2Apple juice is continuous when viewed upon the macroscopic levelThe view that matter is continuous rather than atomic prevailed for centuries because it was not tested and found to be trueIn any chemical change compared to the mass of reactants, the mass of the products is alwaysequalIn an experiment in which 36.04 g of liquid water is decomposed into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, the total mass of the products is 36.04 gThe ancient Greek thought that water was an element. In 1880, Nicholson and Carlisle decomposed water into hydrogen and oxygen. The experiment proved that water is not an elementThe fact that salt from any place on earth is always 39.34% sodium and 60.66% chlorine by mass illustrates the law of definite proportionsAmmonia produced in an industrial plant contains 3.0 kg of hydrogen for every 14.0 kg of nitrogen. The ammonia dissolved in a window-cleaning preparation contains 30.0 g of hydrogen for every 140.0 g of nitrogen. This is the law of definite proportionsWhen 60.0 g of carbon is burned in 160.0 g of oxygen, 220.0 g of carbon dioxide is formed. 220.0 g of carbon dioxide is formed when 60.0 g of carbon is burned in 750.0 g of oxygen.We can recycle materials because atoms are conserved; a molecule is a group of atoms chemically bonded to one anotherThe periodic table does not include new elements that Mendeleev just discoveredRelative masses in the modern periodic table are based on the value for the carbon 12


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UNT CHEM 1360 - Exam 1 Study Guide

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