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VCU BIOL 209 - Biomacromolecules
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BIOL 209 1st Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture I. MicrobesA. SizeB. Relationships1. Typesa. ExamplesC. Evolution of Species3 D. Classifying and IdentifyingII. RibosomesA. Relationships of different speciesIII. Identifying MicroorganismsA. Methods1. PCR2. ELISA3. Informal ClassificationB. Cell shapesC. Binomial NamingOutline of Current Lecture I. BiomacromoleculesA. Question/answerB. CarbohydratesC. LipidsD. Nucleic Acids1. DNA2. RNAE. ProteinsF. Question/answerII. Prokaryotic Cell StructureCurrent LectureI. Biomacromolecules – create structure and mediate functions of microbesA. Question: Nucleotide, glycogen, membrane, disaccharide, polypeptide, fatty acid, enzyme, RNA, glucose, amino acid 1) Separate these items into groups based on association with particular type of biological macromolecule 2) Within each group, organize the items in order based on size (smallest to largest)Answer: Carbohydrates: glucose, disaccharide, glycogen; Lipids: fatty acid, membrane; Nucleic Acids: nucleotide, RNA; Proteins: amino acid, polypeptide, enzymeThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.B. Carbohydrates are formed from saccharide monomers1. Polysaccharides function as energy storage and structural molecules2. Glycogen, which is produced in animals, is identical to starch, except that the branch points along the glucose polymer occur more frequentlyC. Lipids: (Phospholipids) are made by linking fatty acids to polar head groups1. They assemble into a phospholipid bilayer that acts as a membrane barrier a. Water interacts with hydrophilic heads a. Bilayer also consists of a hydrophobic fatty acid tail2. Triglycerides consist of 3 fatty acid chainsa. They are essentially a fat that stores energyD. Nucleic Acids (DNA, RNA) are polymers of nucleotides1. DNAa. 4 different types of nucleotides: Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Thymine (T),and Cytosine (C)b. Double-stranded (double-helix) pairs between A & G and G & C- Genetic info is stored in these sequences of nucleotides2. RNAa. Single-stranded, uses Uracil (U) instead of Thymine- Info stored in DNA is expressed when copied into RNA and used to synthesize proteinsE. Proteins (polypeptides) are assembled from amino acids, which are linked together by peptide bonds1. Each amino acid has distinct propertiesa. Amino acid’s characteristics determine unique final shape and function of polypeptide- Wide variety of shapes, each with a unique function- Functions include metabolism, transportation and communication amongst a cell and between cells, structure, synthesis/growth, and energyF. Question: What biomacromolecules are found in Ebola virus?Answer: Proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbs1. It is an “RNA virus” wrapped with nuclear proteins and contains enzymes within. It also contains a lipid membrane with glycoproteins (protein + lipid combo) located along the virus.II. Prokaryotic Cell StructureA. Membranesa. Semi-permeable barrierb. Additional functions include: transport, secretion, environment sensing, and energy


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