SOA 106 1st Edition Lecture 2Outline of Last Lecture I. Traffic JamII. Basic Principles of SociologyIII. The Sociological ImaginationOutline of Current Lecture II. Origins of SociologyIII. Keys Figures in SociologyIV. Emile DurkheimCurrent LectureOrigins of Sociology● Sociology as a discipline is the product of two dramatic social changes -- Englightenment and Industrial Revolution● Enlightenment ( 18th C)● “ Age of Reason”● emergence of political liberty● political revolutions● rise of science and rational thought● Industrial Revolution (19th C)● Shift from Agrarian to Industrial economy● urbanization● extremes of wealth and povertyKey Figures in Society● Emile Durkheim● Karl Marx● Max Weber● While reading think about how each of these theorists help us understand the sociological perspectiveEmile Durkheim (1858-1917)● Key Problem: understanding the social forces that produce order and disorder● Key Concepts: social facts, observable, division of labor, anomie● Key Works: The Division of Labor in Society (1893) - Suicide (1897)● Believed social facts were the essence of sociological works● Division of Labor and Society● Mechanical Solidarity - holds traditional societies together (simple societies), built on sameness, unspecialized division of labor (EX. Amish Community)● Organic Solidarity - high level of specialization - high division of labor● Division of labor makes people dependent on one another--creates solidarity○ break this down = chaos● Suicide● Importance of social integration--put sociology on the map○ holdings still hold true● Discovers role of social integration-- not concerned with individual suicide, concerned with rates across countires● Why would some societies have higher/lower rates than others?○ rich people have higher suicide rates○ poor people are firmly integrated into their communities, depend on each other○ less integrated= higher suicide rates○ single people have higher suicide rates○ protestants have higher rates than catholics ● Social roots of personal acts● value of scientific sociological
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