BIOL 302 1st Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Last LectureN/AOutline of Current LectureWhat scientist use for experiments Current LectureI. E. Coli- Prokaryotic- Very easy to grow and divides every 12 – 15 minutes- Insulin is made and also translated into bacteria- Virus – T4 (bacteriophages) has less genes (10 – 20) – attaches to DNA bacteria then starts to produce more until it explodesi. There’s 1,000 different types of bacteriophages that continue to divide, grow and replicate ii. They have now accepted to spray meats with bacteriophage so it can destroy all contaminationsII. Yeast- Fungus - Eurkaryotes- Single celled- Cell regulation and others are studied by years (similar to human gene)III. SV40 Virus- Infects eurkaryotic cells (mast and humans)- Only contains 10 genes- Works the same as bacteriaphage- It has been studied a lot through monkey cells. These monkey cells eventually end up getting a kind of respiratory disease. When it was finally studied in human and mast cells, all that were infected became cancerous (tumor cells)- (HISTORY) when polio cells were first tested on monkey cells it was then discovered that it could be used as a vaccine but once it was used on humans to cure, it was tested that it had the SV40 virus. Once detected, they were diagnosed with a type of brain cancer. Which is why they changed to chicken egg cells instead of monkeys.- If a brain cancer patient was reported with having SV40 virus, then it was because it was injected. This virus can not be gained from any other wayIV. Dictyostelium- Multicellular- Exist in single cells will navigated together. It turns into a slug like and then transfer themselves as a spore and back again to another plant. It’s acycleV. Arabidopsis- Tiny plant but scientist use this because it grows really fastVI. Drosophila (fruit fly)- Has been used in the past 100 years for genetics, behavior (mating), and organ development research.- Mutant gene – antennapediai. Single cell mutationii. Causes the antenna of the fruit fly to become legsiii. Determines cell faith (leg or atenna)- Mutant gene – ultrabiothoraxi. Intstead of the fruit fly to have one set of wings, they have two setsii. More primitive insects have 2 sets of wings while more evolutionary insects have 1 setVII. C. Elegans (soil worms)- Size of an eye-lash- Has exactly 959 cells (small), greatly used because of the fact they are transparent. It made it easier to track genetics and organ development.VIII. Zebra Fish- Contains a vertebrae- Perfect for developmental researchIX. Lab Mouse- Mammal, really similar to humans- Humans and a mouse share 75% of genes- Every disease/cancer is tested in mice first before it is able to be treated in humansX. Human Cells- Growth cells in culture testing- Difficult for it not to become cancerousCulture Research TestingTissues (protease: weak enzyme and cell comes apart)  single cells  culture dish  media (tissue) which contains: amino acids, vitamins, salts, metals, glucose, and 10% of animal serum is added for the cells to grow (animal serum mostly from