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UNC-Chapel Hill HIST 158 - Science, Technology and Exploration

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HIST 158 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last LectureI. Major structures following the fall of the Roman EmpireII. “Fall of Rome” in 476III. Justice and powerIV. Crossroad of CulturesV. Religion and popular cultureOutline of Current LectureI. Society and EconomyII. Science, Technology and ExplorationCurrent LectureI. Society and Economya. Three divisions: noble, clergy, peasantsi. Fixed divisions that often caused tensionsb. Economy: long decline, revival starting in 11th centuryc. Burghers- people living in the cities (often part of the middle class)i. People heard of the opportunities in the cities and movedii. Became a very attractive ideal: peasants were no longer bound to the land: “town air makes one free”1. Cities grew and economy was stimulatedd. Famines and The Black Plague 1347 i. Wiped out a third of European societyII. Science, Technology and Explorationa. People thought they were living in “special times”b. Major technical innovationsi. The Printing Press 1435-14501. A collaborative invention: Glutenberg, Fust, Schoffer2. China: block printing and paper3. Flanders: ink4. Germany: advanced metal and working skills5. Global effectsa. Scholarship: accuracy, collaborative, accessibilityb. Dissemination of ideas on a global scaleThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.c. New learned class in the cities… not only clergy had access to books and newspapersd. Revolutionized the way people would read and writeii. The New Warfare 1450-15001. Trebuchet- machine to project/throw stones2. Gunpowder- to build cannons3. Conquest of Constantinople 1453a. Ottoman Turks could conquer city with German weaponry4. “Proletarianization” of Wara. Before this time, only nobles were trained to fight… now peasants could operate weapons toob. Initiated major social changes in regards to wari. No longer a Gentleman/Noble Sportii. Emerging national monarchies benefitted the most as they recruited men from the countryside to


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