AnnouncementsAnimal EvolutionMammalsMarsupialsPrimates23_BIO130_0422144/22/2014Bio 130 TR 12:40-1:55p AnnouncementsFinal Exam Wednesday, April 30 at 10:15Review sheet posted online with the review questionsAnimal EvolutionTetrapods and HumansObjectives:- Be able to describe structure and function of scales, feathers, hollow bones, marsupial pouch, placenta, lactation and bipedalism. Know the evolutionary origin of these traits.In class assignment reviewAmnioticegg (1)Leathery Egg Shell (2)Calcium Carbonate Egg Shell(3)Placenta(4)Extended Parental Care (5)Amphibians 0 0 0 0 0Monotremes 1 1 0 0 1Marsupials 1 0 0 1 1Eutherians 1 0 0 1 1Lizards, Snakes 1 1 0 0 0Turtles 1 1 1 0 0Crocodiles, Alligators 1 1 1 0 0Birds 1 1 1 0 1- Reptiles developed scales to prevent water loss- Birds are the only modern lineage descending from dinosaurs - Birds might have developed feathers under sexual selection- The ability to fly evolved in three separate lineages: pterodactyls, birds and bats Flight evolved to:Escape from predators, migration/dispersal ability, attain food/resources without competition, free hind legs for attack, greater field of vision and to find mates.To fly, birds have- Feathers and wings- Keel on sternum (more surface area for muscle attachment)- Hollow bones and beaks (instead of jaws) for light weight- Endothermic capabilities (regulate their own body temperature) so they can be active at all timesMammalsFur and lactation are the traits that define mammals.Eutherians are distinguished from other mammals byextended development before birth. Monotremes are foundin Australia, e.g. platypus and echidna. They are leathery egg-laying mammals. They never successfully dispersed beyondAustralia.MarsupialsMarsupials originated in Asia and migrated to South America and Australia. Placental mammals also spread but did not persist in Australia. Extensive marsupial diversification in Australia resulted. Many placental mammals have similar marsupial counterparts in Australia that fill similar niches (homoplasy or convergent evolution).PrimatesAll primates have eyes in the front of their face and a grasping hand. Humans are set apart from other “apes” by bipedalism (walking on two