PollinationAngiosperm EvolutionFungiTransformation of Energy and MatterEvolution23_BIO130_0415144/15/2014Bio 130 TR 12:40-1:55p PollinationAngiosperms - The goal of a flower is to move the malegametes to the female parts through the interactions ofpollinators (bees, birds, bugs).Gymnosperms - wind for pollen dispersal.Angiosperm EvolutionAdaptive Radiation – Caused by the evolution of fruits and flowers. Different pollinators were attracted to different kinds of fruits and flowers.1. Monophyletic group – Angiosperms 2. Rapid speciation - 250,000 species in 150 million years3. Diverse morphology – many different flowersDirected Dispersal – Fruit increases the likelihood that seeds end up in good habitats.Fleshy fruit –mammal dispersalRed fruits (berries) – bird dispersalSeeds with eliaosomes (fat-rich attachment) – ant dispersalFungiObjectives- Describe the structure and Function of Fungi traits - Describe the way fungi obtain nutrients- Compare and contrast life cycles and reproductive structuresGrowth forms - single celled (yeast) & multicellular (mycelia)Structure and Function of MyceliaStructure FunctionMycelium Multicellular, Filamentous growth form, Obtaining nutrition, feedingbranched hyphae with lots of surface areaefficient to absorb nutrients and waterFruiting body Above ground, upright growth form, Reproduction, dense hyphae prevents desiccationTransformation of Energy and MatterFungi are Chemoheterotrophs. They use extracellular digestion by secreting digestive enzymes outside their body.Three plant feeding strategies:- Saprophytes - Eat dead plants (Fungal Time-lapse BBC)Possess lignin peroxidase to decompose lignin and cellulose enzymes to break down cellulose- MutualistsThe plants provide the fungi with fixed carbonFungus Part of Plant Fungus provides plant with…Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Roots of tree species in temperate forestsNitrogen & phosphorus Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Roots, in tropical forests and grasslandsNutrients (e.g. sulfur phosphorus and nitrogen)Endophytes Leaves (stems), inside and between the cellsIncrease stress tolerance (drought and herbivores)-