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UT Knoxville BIOL 130 - BIO 130 Lecutre 19 Review Qestions

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BIO 130 Review QuestionsDalrymple Spring 2014Lecture 19 (NY Times article, Ch 30.3)The final exam is worth 200 points and is partially cumulative. Roughly 125 points will come from questionsfrom the last section of the course on Biodiversity and ~75 points will be over material from earlier in the semester. These questions will help guide your studying for the new material.1. What are three ways that a person can potentially increase or restore diversity in their gut microbiome?a. Taking less antibioticsb. Intake of helpful bacteriac. Fecal transplants2. According to the NY Times article, what new discovery did a recent study make about gastric bypasssurgery?a.3. What is a fecal transplant? What typically causes patients to have this procedure done?a. Treatment done to restore internal ecosystem’s healthy balance of bacterium. 4. In the coming weeks we will look at a lot of phylogenetic trees. Be able to identify what nodes, branches, and the tips of the tree represent and be able to map the origin of key traits on the appropriate branch of a tree (not a node!). Traits for this lecture: mitochondria, nucleusa. Mitochondria – branch of bacteria domainb. Nucleus – branch of bacteria domain, it was advantageous to bacteria to manage and processgenetic information5. Explain how mitochondria originated in eukaryotic cells according to the endosymbiosis theory. a. Draw a diagram that represents the process. b. What type of organism was the host cell? The engulfed cell? The archaeal host cell engulfed and surrounded the bacterium. c. How did the host cell and the engulfed cell originally acquire energy (ATP)? Host cell supplied the bacterium with protection and carbon compounds and the bacterium supplied the host cells with ATP.6. What evidence supports the endosymbiosis theory?a. Endosymbiosis theory – proposes that mitochondria originated when a bacterial cell took up residence inside another cell over two million years ago. Symbiosis is said to occur when individuals of two different species live in physical contact; endosymbiosis occurs when an organism of one species lives inside the cells of an organism of another species.b. Evidence – The relationship between the archaela host nd the engulfed bacterial cell was presumed to be stble because a mutual advantage existed between them: The host supplied the bacterium with protection and carbon compounds from its prey, with the bacterium produced much more ATP than the host cell could synthesize on its own. This relationship also still exists


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UT Knoxville BIOL 130 - BIO 130 Lecutre 19 Review Qestions

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