Slide 1 Microbial MetabolismLectures 7 and 8 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Slide 2 Learning Outcomes• Enzyme function• ATP function• Cellular respiration– Aerobic– Anaerobic• Photosynthesis• Metabolic Diversity of the Prokaryotes• Biosynthesis of molecules ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Slide 3 Metabolism• Catabolism– Breaks chemical bonds– Releases energy– Hydrolysis• Anabolism– Makes chemical bonds– Biosynthesis– Requires energy– Dehydration synthesis – releases water ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Slide 4 ATP and Coupling in Anabolic and Catabolic Reactions• Anabolism • transfer of energy from ATP to complex molecules– Requires ATP• Catabolism = transfer of energy from food to ATP– Makes ATP • Energy Loss  waste heat (or light)• Metabolism requires continuous supply of energy ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Slide 5 Collision Theory of Chemistry• All atoms: – continuously moving– Continuously colliding• Reactions occur when:– Sufficient energy –Activation energy– Atoms orientated correctly• Reaction rate– Frequency of collisions•  increased temperature•  increased [conc] ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Slide 6 Enzymes• Proteins synthesized inside cells• Catalyze specific reactions• Decrease activation energy for specific reactions• Increase reaction rate 108-1010x ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Slide 7 Enzyme Components• Apoenzyme = – Protein• Cofactor = non-protein– Fe 2+,Ca2+, Mg2+, •