Race, Ethnicity, and Nationality in the USDefinitions of Key Terms:Race: The assumption of differences based on real or imagined physical characteristics. This is based on others perceptions’ of how you look.-Other people choose your race for you.Racism: Taking those phsical characteristics, and believing that someone is inferior or ->superior<- to you based on those characteristics.Ethnicity: (Ethnic Group) group of people who have something in common with you. (I.E:food, language, beliefs, traditions, religion, hobbies) This has nothing to do with where you are from.Nativism: Dislike of somebody different than you/because of their ethnicity. (Immigrants in general)Nationality: What citizenship you hold.What Does the United States do with this information?- Declare anyone who is different from them “THE OTHER” or “Alien”- The government also places people on a hierarchy, or a ladder of social class. The top of a hierarchy is the best, the bottom is the worst. The people most different from them are at the bottom, and most like them are at the top. The bottom is “the other”.- People can gradually move up and down the hierarchy as time progresses.The History of Immigration: Who comes, why and what happens?There are three movements (or waves) of immigration:1. The Formative Wave (1607-1830)- ‘Forms’ what this country will look like. This is the English (and their African American slaves/indentured servants) coming to Jamestown. They think they’re the first people here, although the Native Americans have already been here.- These people don’t consider themselves immigrants, but rather the Founding Fathers.In reality the English were all illegal immigrants.- The Africans also came in during this wave in 1619.- Other minor groups that came in were Jews, Nothern Italians, Germans, Spanish, Dutch, Sotts-Irish, and the French2. The First Wave (1830-1880)- Irish, Germans, and Chinese.- WASPs first encounter with “immigrants”.3. The Second Wave (1880-1920)- 1880: Industrial Revolution- MILLIONS of people came in.- Ends because in 1921 the first immigration law is enacted.Assumed by others, determined by you.- Poles, Slavs, Southern Italians, Japanese, Russian Jews, Central & Eastern Europe, and Greeks. The FOURTH wave: The “Don’t Call It a Wave, Wave.”- America ignored immigration although millions more came in.Why do Immigrants Leave Their Homes?- Lack of food- War- Lack of jobs- Government- Natural Disasters- Oppression- Poverty- ReligionMost immigrants don’t want to go to America, most are involuntary, and not everyone immigrates to America.Why Immigrants Come to the U.S.- The American Dream ($)- Educational Opportunities- Freedom- Advancements in our technology (medical conditions and jobs)- Freedom from culture- Marriage-Because we let them.How do Immigrants Fit In?Assimilation: the idea that when you come to a country, you’ll give up your past culture and embrace the new culture.Acculturation: realizing you have to adapt some parts of the new culture, but keep some of your old one. Usually assimilate publicly, but keep original customs in the home.The process of assimilation can be very long, and may take until your children’s children’s children.Why Would Assimilation Take Longer/Slower?- Community (moving in with people just like you – e.g. Chinatown)- Too old- Paperwork, anger at time and money it takes.- Goals/responsibilitiesWhat Would Speed Up Assimilation?- Money- Being young- Adoption- City v. SuburbUn-assimilate-able: Those who don’t look white. You try as hard as you want, you’ll never fit in.What Does the U.S. Want From Immigrants?Anglo-Conformity: - Anglo means English-white- Basically complete assimilations- Want people to conform or change into an English person- When the civil rights movement emerged in the 1960’s, people began to like different cultures.o Cultural pluralism: (1980s-now?) Celebration of the ‘Melting Pot’. Not just accepting those that are different, but also celebrating them. 9/11 fucked this up.- Anglo-conformity leads to Nativism and Xenophobia.- Nativism: negative connotation against someone different from you/not from your country.- Xenophobia: FEAR of “THE OTHER”o These people react irrationally. They are so fearful of losing power, they’re not in their right mind. Why Use Film?1. Film helped create (shape) American values/beliefs/behavior.2. Film is a key cultural artifact that offers a window into American cultural and social history.- Film tells more about the people and events surrounding the period the movie was made in, rather than the period the movie was based in.The Formative Wave: White Anglo-Saxon Protestants (The English)WASP: “White Anglo-Saxon Protestant” – MUST be all of these things.- WASPs are actually not a homogenous group. - No other religion can fit in.- The term is actually a 20th century term.- Anglos, Saxons, Gaelic tribes, Picts and Britons of the Northern Isles, French Normans, Romans, and the Vikings all became the “whites”.- Definition of “white”: God-like; pure.The Immigration of the English-England does not colonize in 1492 because of lack of money and fear of failure.England in 1600:- Tudor Family, led by Queen Elizabeth.- Going through war, bankruptcy, high unemployment, suffering- Notices other countries have colonized- BUT they have no money! The English Crown cannot support colonization Queen Elizabeth tells her country, “Go ahead and colonize for us. We won’t pay for your journeyor anything… but whatever you find is yours!”So, why did the English colonize America?- Queen Elizabeth dies before colonization- We need jobs to feed the families in England!- Primogeniture: when a father dies, the entire family inheritance goes to the eldest son. Nothing goes to the second and third sons or the daughters.- So, people were actually being born into the upper class that had no money!- Upper class: related to rich, royalty, or owned land.- 2nd and 3rd sons grew up in a rich upper class family, but knew they wouldn’t get the money unless their elder brother dies.- They had several options: They could go into the army and buy a rank for themselves, killtheir brother OR become a preacher.- The other option was colonization.- Men, not the crown, payed for themselves. they thought they would get gold once they got