HIST 106 1st Edition Exam 1 Study Guide Lectures 1 8 Lecture 1 What was the Dred Scott case and how did it help contribute to mounting tensions leading up to the war Dred Scott had appealed to the supreme court for his freedom as he had lived in places where slavery was banned The supreme court justice rules that all slaves regardless of their status were not and could never become citizens of the US This meant that Scott was still a slave not a citizen and could not file this suit This ruling made the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional and infuriates the anti slavery movement It also says to the south that they have been right all along and that the north is trying to infringe upon their constitutional rights What was the Emancipation Proclamation Declared that slaves in rebelling states were free meaning slaves everywhere were not The south was not listening though so the proclamation was virtually empty as it freed no one It only proved successful as the north pushes farther into the south and liberates slaves in those areas Overall the proclamation literally does almost nothing in the beginning but holds a very strong symbolic meaning and officially shows that the war has evolved into freeing the slaves Lecture 2 What did the black codes do Black codes were the south s way to restore slavery as best they could They were specifically designed to keep blacks under whites and were enacted in the immediate aftermath of the war How did the north react to these black codes Enact the Reconstruction Acts which were 13th Amendment Abolishes slavery 14th Amendment Blacks could become citizens could not be deprived of life liberty or the pursuit of happiness and requires each state to provide equal protection to its citizens 15th Amendment States that voting rights cannot be withheld due to race color or previous servitude How did the Freedman s Bureau help newly freed African Americans It provided blacks with basic needs such as food clothing and shelter It also provided education and mediation for service contracts and employment What is the difference between Radical and Presidential Reconstruction Presidential Reconstruction was not as harsh as it wanted to respect confederate land holding and not punish the south any farther as the economy had been completely devastated This reconstruction plan was extremely easy on the south because it was expected that the south would cooperate and join the Union faster if they were being treated better Johnson s plan was not favored in the north as many felt the south should be punished for the entire war Congress begins radical reconstruction which main goals were to punish the confederates bring full citizenship to African Americans under all circumstances and fundamentally transform the south Lecture 3 What was sharecropping and how did it ensure that blacks once again ranked below whites Rich white land owners would allow poor whites and blacks to harvest part of their land in exchange for part of the crop produced It was in essence a good idea as both parties should have benefitted The downfall was that the share croppers often had to borrow many things from the land owners which constantly put them in debt at the end of the season Land owners often did not let share croppers find the best possible price for their crops as well and would cheat them about how much they were taking from the share croppers What little money share croppers did come away with often had to go back to land owners to pay debts and it was typically not enough so the debt continued to build year after year How did the Compromise of 1877 help to avoid another Civil War Democrats agreed to stop fighting Hayes as long as republicans agreed to remove federal troops in the south cabinet positions were open to democrats in Hayes administration and they got to control what happened in their own state s borders In exchange democrats had to agree that the reconstruction amendments were enforced How did the Mississippi Plan help restore white supremacy in the south This plan was the democrats way to regain control of the Mississippi government from republicans They targeted well known carpet baggers northerners who came to the south seeking political power during reconstruction and scallywags southerners who collaborated with northerners and terrorized blacks to keep them from voting Lecture 4 What is the transcontinental railroad and what happened in the great railroad strike of 1877 Railroads extending across the US both east to west and north to south During 1877 workers salaries drastically decreased while prices only went down a bit and it was announced that in the upcoming summer wages would be cut even more Railroad workers homeless suicide and depression rates were increasing At this time all workers walked off the job all over the nation in the first national labor strike The entire nation joined in and other unrelated jobs walked off as well in sympathy What is the difference in vertical and horizontal integration Horizontal integration is controlling an industry by absorbing firms on the same level of production into one large firm This eliminates competition completely and allows no competitors to enter the market to sell a product Vertical integration is controlling an industry on all levels of production meaning that no other companies are needed to produce a product Lecture 5 What were the demands of the Ocala Meeting They wanted free coinage of silver which means that silver would be added along with gold to back up money so that more money could be distributed Also while they wanted government regulation of the railroads they did not want the rail road s to be nationalized just government supervision to keep costs down and under control The most creative and radical demand though was the sub treasury idea This asked the federal government to build warehouses where farmers could store non perishable crops in exchange for loans This allowed farmers to store their crops until they could sell them for the best possible price and cut out the middle man Another demand was to get candidates elected at both local and national levels This allowed both parties to be represented The Ocala Meeting was a result of the Farmer s Alliance and these candidates were supposed to be sensitive to their needs but after being elected many went back on their promises and kept allegiance to their own parties What was the Omaha platform This was a result of the Populist Party