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TAMU HIST 106 - American Imperialism and the Great War
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HIST 106 1st Edition Lecture 9Outline of Last Lecture PROGRESSIVES AND POLITICIANS• Theodore Roosevelt—the first Progressive PresidentArbitrating disputes between labor and industryTrustbustingIndustrial regulationConservation• The Election of 1912Taft vs. RooseveltRoosevelt and the Progressive PartyWoodrow WilsonEugene V. Debs• Woodrow Wilson’s “New Freedom”AMERICAN IMPERIALISM• “The White Man’s Burden” & Changing Ideas of EmpireHawaii• The Spanish-American WarCubaThe Philippines• Policing the Hemisphere“Big Stick” DiplomacyPanama Canal, 1903Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe DoctrineTaft and Dollar DiplomacyWilson and Practical IdealismThe Mexican RevolutionOutline of Current Lecture First, we’ll finish up the lecture on American Imperialism. We will try to quickly do the portion ofthe outline in red:LECTURE OUTLINE FOR AMERICAN IMPERIALISM• “The White Man’s Burden” & Changing Ideas of EmpireHawaii• The Spanish-American WarCubaThe Philippines• Policing the Hemisphere“Big Stick” DiplomacyPanama Canal, 1903Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe DoctrineTaft and Dollar DiplomacyWilson and Practical IdealismThe Mexican RevolutionThen we’ll move on to the lecture on the Great War (and hopefully get through all of the below).LECTURE OUTLINE FOR THE GREAT WAR• War in Europe, beginning in 1914Shaky Alliances & the Catalyst for WarDevelopments in WarfareTrench Warfare combined with New TechnologySubmarine WarfareThe Sinking of the Lusitania• U.S. Neutrality, June 1914-April 1917Focus on Progressive Reforms at HomeDespite American Imperialism, United States still essentially IsolationistDifferent Reasons for IsolationismInterventionist MinorityPreparedness• The United States at War, April 1917-November 1918The Zimmerman Telegram & the Declaration of WarMobilizing the Home FrontSelective Service ActThe Committee on Public Information & Other New Federal AgenciesVolunteerismProgressives at WarPaying for the WarU.S. Military Involvement and the Allied Victory• An Uneasy PeaceWilson and the Fourteen PointsLegacies of the WarCurrent LectureLECTURE OUTLINE FOR AMERICAN IMPERIALISM1) “The White Man’s Burden” & Changing Ideas of Empirea) Hawaii2) The Spanish-American Wara) Cubab) The Philippines3) Policing the Hemispherea) “Big Stick” Diplomacyi) Military strength to spread American value and influenceii) Wanted to US to expand its markets and gain from thatiii) “Speak softly and carry a big stick”iv) Would start with peaceful negotiation with other countries, but would always be backed up my military force(1) One way or another we will get what we wantb) Panama Canal, 1903i) Need was solely for economic before Spanish/American warii) After, military reasons were added(1) Getting troops and supplies to new military basesiii) Nicaragua was best place, as it was cheaper, but US opted for Columbian sight(1) Would’ve been by an active volcano(2) French company had started canal in Panama, but ran out of money(a) They bribed congress for votes and gave money to Roosevelt’s campaign to buy up the company’s rights to the canal(3) US bartered with Columbian government (a) 10 million upfront then a yearly payment after(b) Columbia refuses treaty(i) Big stick time(c) US paid off Panamanian officers to revolt(d) Sent battleship to block off Columbian troops(e) Columbia gives Panama independence 40 mins after revolution declared(f) Panama signs treaty with USc) Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrinei) Monroe Doctrine (1823)(1) Called for end of European colonization in the western hemisphereii) Roosevelt Corollary (1905)(1) US has unilateral right to intervene in the affairs of Latin America(a) Were afraid the Germans were going to try colonize western hemisphere(2) US declares “international police power” and was prepared to ensure that all Western nations act in a civilized manner(a) Said US was not land hungry, but only trying to protect itself(b) If nation refused to act civilized, US would intervene to protect its interest(3) Lead the US into the Dominican Republic, Cuba, and Nicaragua. Haiti, etc iii) Instability in Latin America lead to more US military intervention(1) Governments in Latin America were often corrupt and ignored political and economic woes of people(2) This would lead to revolts, to which the US would have to intervene(3) Lead to repeated revolts on larger scalesd) Taft and Dollar Diplomacyi) Using business investment in countries over military controlii) “Dollars over bullets”iii) Would help build up nation (railroads, roads, etc) in exchange for investments in US business and alliancesiv) Would still have to send in troops to protect, so wasn’t extremely successfule) Wilson and Practical Idealismi) Practical Idealism(1) US had responsibility to spread democracy and Christian civilization(2) Knew US needed foreign markets for industry to expand and thrive(3) Believed the US could dominate world economy through tradeii) The Mexican Revolution (1910-1920)(1) After New Regime was overthrown, Wilson threw support behind whatever leader he thought would be most sensitive to US business investment(2) Authorized Naval invasion of Mexico(3) Sent General John J Pershing and 15 thousand troops into Mexico to take down the rebels and their leader Pancho Villa(a) Almost resulted in full scale war with Mexico, but Wilson knew this would be a distraction from World War 1Then we’ll move on to the lecture on the Great War (and hopefully get through all of the below).LECTURE OUTLINE FOR THE GREAT WAR- WAS THE WAR PART OF THE PROGRESSIVE ERA OR WAS IT A DEPARTURE?- WHAT PARTS OF PROGRESSIVISM CONTINUED OR GREW STRONGER DURING THESE YEARS?1) War in Europe, beginning in 1914a) Shaky Alliances & the Catalyst for Wari) Triple Allianceii) Central Powersiii) Catalyst(1) Gavrilo Princip shoots Archduke Franz Ferdinand, June 28, 1914(2) Germany at this point was pushing for war(a) Pushed Austria Hungary to retaliate against Serbia because of assassination(b) Serbia calls on Russia for help, which gets France and Great Britain involvedb) Developments in Warfarei) Trench Warfare combined with New Technology(1) When British and France faced off against Germany, they prepared for long warfare, so they dug trenches(a) These weren’t new, but the scale of them was(2) Combined with chemical warfare and heavy machine guns, these became completely deadly(3) Causalities were incredible high on both sides(a) By the time


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TAMU HIST 106 - American Imperialism and the Great War

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