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UA COMM 309 - 309 Exam 3 Study Guide

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309 Exam 3 Study GuideEffects of Political Content, Chapter 91) What is the “need for cognition” ?A need to structure relevant situtations in meaningful ways, a need to understand the world, certain people have a high need for cognition and others have a low need, some people are motivated to learn a lot, they enjoy learning more compared to others. This concept is important for predicting who pays attention to the news about the local or government. People with a high need for cognition are more likely to be interested in political news. 2) How does framing impact agenda setting?Framing- the central organizing idea for news content that supplies a context and suggests what the issue is through the use of selection, emphasis, exclusion, and elaboration. Depending on what way a certain story is “framed” (whether or not they play it as a positive or a negative) consumers may have a different thought or view as a result of the news. “They media doesn’t tell us what to think, it tells us what to think about”. Ex. Excess snow on the ground could be portrayed by the news as kids having fun with snowballs and snow days from school, or could blame excess snow on the local government for poor shoveling, depending on how its framed influenceshow we view the situation.3) What is the spiral of silence?Theory based on the notion that people are unlikely to express their views if they believe they are in the minority, we’d rather keep quiet if we think we’re in minority than be rejected or isolated. 4) How do vivid images influence our memory of news stories?When a vivid image is presented alongside verbal information, it might actually distract people from processing the verbal information efficiently. Onthe other hand, the vivid images themselves prove to be highly memorable and might even enhance memory for the information that comes right after the images appear. 5) Understand the research of Phillips on news stories of suicidesPhillips found statistical evidence that showed that immediately following a newspaper story that covered a suicide there was an increase in car and plane crashes in the area. This suggests that the media has influence and that people who viewed themselves as more similar to the person in the story were most likely to commit suicide too because it was more legitimatized. Also, there more public it was, either front page or middle of the paper, there was a greater amount of suicides to follow.The impact of new media technologies, Chapter 111) What were the findings and criticisms of the C. Mellon Study?Research question: “Internet Paradox, A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological Well0Being?”Use of the Internet was associated with a general decline in communication with family members who lived in the house-hold. Those who used the Internet more frequently tended to report greater levels of depression and feelings of loneliness than they did before the study began. What causes this? Activity displacement effect? Probably not, because people used the Net for social reasons, so loneliness and depressions wouldn’t be in the pattern. Researchers are leaning towards the fact that the internet might displace strong social ties. Aka the internet relationships people form are not as close and strong as in person relationships, encouraging a specific type of relationship at the dispense of another. Criticism: sample wasn’t random, no control group, went too far in suggestioncausal relationship2) What is the “mix of attributes approach” to the study of media effects and new technology?It means that as new tech emerges there needs to be new theories and everything must change and start from scratch.3) What is the Media Equation?Individuals’ interactions with computers, TV, and new media are fundamentally natural and social, just like interactions in real life”AAP Health Effects of Media on Children and Adolescents1) Heavy television-viewing 2–3 hours/ day) in early childhood has been linked with ((((((((((((( (attention-deficit disorder (ADD) during the early school years. At least 4 studies have shown an impact on academic performance,87–90 especially if there is a television set in the child’s or teenager’s bedroom.892) Children and teenagers can learn antiviolence attitudes, empathy, tolerance toward people of other races and ethnicities, and respect for their elders. Important and useful public messages can be successfully embedded into primetime television shows that are popular with adolescents. In an episode of the television program Friends, for example, Rachel tells her boyfriend Ross that she is pregnant although they had used a condom. A national telephone survey conducted with Friends viewers after the episode aired found that adolescents learned that condoms are not fool-proof and were more likely to discuss contraception with their parents. Similarly, a recent episode of Gray’s Anatomy was effective in teaching viewers about HIV and pregnancy. Research into the impact of digital media on relationship formation and maintenance has revealed that on-linecommunication and on-line self- disclosure can stimulate adolescents’ social connectedness and, thereby, their well-being3) Parents- parents (1) limit total screen time for children older than 2 years to no more than 1 to 2 hours/day, (2) avoid screen time for children younger than 2 years, (3) keep children’s bedrooms free of screen media; and (4) co-view media with their children and discuss the content.Schools- Media education is crucial. A century ago, to be “literate” meant that one could read and write; in 2009 it means having the ability to decipher a bewildering array of media and make sense of them all.Entertainment industry- in- creasing responsible sexual content in mainstream media and advertising contraceptives widely would seem to be an urgent public health goal.45 Several studios have agreed to add anti- smoking advertisements before feature films on new DVDs, and Disney has announced that it will no longer permit smoking in Disney moviesResearchers- Researchers need to incorporate measures of media use (and impact) into their studies of child and adolescent behavior.AAP Media Education1) The prime tenets of media education are as follows52:● All media messages are constructed.● Media messages shape our understanding of the world.● Individuals interpret media messages uniquely.● Mass media have powerful


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