CHAPTER 5 FATS OILS OTHER LIPIDS 1 What the functions of fat in food and in our bodies Be able to name at least five In your body fat is used A protective cushion for bones organs and nerves Insulation to maintain body temperature Fat in food Provides texture and flavor and contributes to satiety Aids in the absorption of fat soluble vitamins 2 What percentage of calories consumed daily should come from fats 3 How many calories per gram do fats provide 4 Describe the differences and structure of the 3 types of dietary lipids triglycerides phospholipids and sterols 1 Triglycerides Most common lipid found in foods in your body Three fatty acids that are attached to a glycerol backbone Also known as fat Phospholipids Contain 2 fatty acids at their tail end and have a phosphate containing head Their polar heads and non polar heads cause them to be attracted to both water and fat Sterols 2 5 Which of the 3 is the most common form of fat in your food and body 6 Which of the 3 are non essential your body produces them 7 Be able to explain structure differences food sources and health risks benefits of consuming monounsaturated polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids Fatty Acids The basic unit of triglycerides Chains of carbon hydrogen arms with acid group COOH at one end Saturated Fatty Acids A fatty acid that has all of its carbons bound with hydrogen Unsaturated Fatty Acids A fatty acid that has one or more double bonds between carbons 2 Types 1 Monounsaturated MUFA 2 Polyunsaturated PUFA 3 8 Name the 2 essential fatty acids one is an omega 6 and the other is an omega 3 Essential Fatty Acids The 2 polyunsaturated fats that the body CANNOT make and therefore must be eaten in foods linoleic acid and alpha linolenic acid Help maintain healthy skin cells nerves and cell membranes Necessary to make other substances your body needs Linoleic Acid A polyunsaturated essential fatty acid part of the omega 6 fatty acid family Deficiency can interfere with normal growth result in inflammation of the skin Alpha linolenic Acid A polyunsaturated essential fatty acid part of the omega 3 fatty acid family Deficiency can affect the functioning of the brain and nervous system 9 What is the major phospholipids in your cell membranes called What is it s function Why is it added to foods 10 What is the best known sterol called Why does your body produce cholesterol what are it s functions 4 11 After digestion absorption since fat isn t soluble in watery blood how is it transported Lipoprotein Capsule shaped transport carriers that enable fat and cholesterol to travel through the lymph and blood Chylomicron A type of lipoprotein that carries digested fat and other lipids through the lymph system into the blood Too large to be absorbed directly into bloodstream so they travel through your lymph system first and then enter your blood 12 What are the 3 other types of lipoproteins produced in the liver called very low density lipoprotein Delivers fat made in the liver to the tissues VLDL remnants are converted into LDLs low density lipoprotein Deposits cholesterol in the walls of the arteries BAD CHOLESTEROL can lead to heart disease high density lipoprotein Removes cholesterol from the tissues and delivers it to the liver to be used as a part of bile and or to be excreted from the body GOOD CHOLESTEROL 13 Which is of little benefit and why and which is healthy and why 5 14 What are trans fats Describe the hydrogenation process Trans Fat Substance that contains mostly trans fatty acids Trans fatty acids Substances that result from the hydrogenating of an unsaturated fatty acid causing a reconfiguring of some of its double bonds A small amount occurs naturally in animal foods Hydrogenation Majority of trans fat in foods is created by this Adding hydrogen to an unsaturated fatty acid to make it more saturated and solid at room temperature 15 Why do manufacturers use trans fats 16 Why are trans fats the worst type of fat to consume NUTRITION AND HEART DISEASE 17 Name risk factors for heart disease that can and cannot be controlled handout 18 Describe the relationship of saturated fat trans fat and cholesterol to development of heart disease 6 19 What should your blood cholesterol level be 20 At what age should you begin to have your lipoprotein profile tested 21 What increases blood cholesterol level 22 What type of foods provide cholesterol How much dietary cholesterol should you consume 23 What specific foods or lifestyle changes are protective to reduce heart disease risk 7 NUTRITION AND CANCER info in the module content not in your textbook 24 How does cancer begin what is altered in the cell 25 What are the 3 stages of cancer development Which lasts only minutes to days Which lasts for years the longest phase 26 What percentage of all cancers are due to poor food choices and physical inactivity 27 Genetics accounts for what percentage of your cancer risk 28 What specific foods or lifestyle changes are protective to reduce cancer risk 8