Infrared SpectroscopyInfrared SpectroscopyStretching Vibrations of a CH2 GroupBending Vibrations of a CH2 GroupSlide 5PowerPoint PresentationSlide 7Slide 8Table 13.4 (p 519) Infrared Absorption FrequenciesSlide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Infrared SpectroscopyInfrared SpectroscopyGives information about the functional groups in a moleculeregion of infrared that is most useful lies betweenregion of infrared that is most useful lies between2.5-16 2.5-16 m (4000-625 cmm (4000-625 cm-1-1))depends on transitions between vibrational depends on transitions between vibrational energy statesenergy statesstretchingstretchingbendingbendingInfrared SpectroscopyInfrared SpectroscopyInfrared SpectroscopyInfrared SpectroscopyStretching Vibrations of a CHStretching Vibrations of a CH22 Group GroupStretching Vibrations of a CHStretching Vibrations of a CH22 Group GroupSymmetricSymmetricAntisymmetricAntisymmetricBending Vibrations of a CHBending Vibrations of a CH22 Group GroupBending Vibrations of a CHBending Vibrations of a CH22 Group GroupIn planeIn planeIn planeIn planeBending Vibrations of a CHBending Vibrations of a CH22 Group GroupBending Vibrations of a CHBending Vibrations of a CH22 Group GroupOut of planeOut of planeOut of planeOut of planeExample of infrared spectrumExample of infrared spectrumHexaneHexaneTransmittance (%)Transmittance (%)10010000Wave number, cmWave number, cm-1-1440044003600360028002800200020001600160012001200800800C—H stretchingC—H stretchingbendingbendingbendingbendingbendingbendingExample of infrared spectrumExample of infrared spectrumHexaneHexaneTransmittance (%)Transmittance (%)10010000Wave number, cmWave number, cm-1-1440044003600360028002800200020001600160012001200800800no peaks higher than 3000 cmno peaks higher than 3000 cm-1-1Infrared spectrum of 1-hexeneInfrared spectrum of 1-hexeneTransmittance (%)Transmittance (%)10010000Wave number, cmWave number, cm-1-1440044003600360028002800200020001600160012001200800800peak higher than 3000 cmpeak higher than 3000 cm-1-1C=C—HC=C—HC=CC=CCHCH22=C—=C—Structural unitStructural unitFrequency, cmFrequency, cm-1-1Stretching vibrations (single bonds)Stretching vibrations (single bonds)spsp C—H C—H3310-33203310-3320spsp22 C—H C—H3000-31003000-3100spsp33 C—H C—H2850-29502850-2950spsp22 C—O C—O12001200spsp33 C—O C—O1025-12001025-1200Table 13.4 (p 519)Table 13.4 (p 519)Infrared Absorption FrequenciesInfrared Absorption FrequenciesTable 13.4 (p 519)Table 13.4 (p 519)Infrared Absorption FrequenciesInfrared Absorption FrequenciesStructural unitStructural unitFrequency, cmFrequency, cm-1-1Stretching vibrations (multiple bonds)Stretching vibrations (multiple bonds)Table 13.4 (p 519)Table 13.4 (p 519)Infrared Absorption FrequenciesInfrared Absorption FrequenciesTable 13.4 (p 519)Table 13.4 (p 519)Infrared Absorption FrequenciesInfrared Absorption FrequenciesCCCC1620-16801620-1680——CCNN——CCC—C—2100-22002100-22002240-22802240-2280Structural unitStructural unitFrequency, cmFrequency, cm-1-1Stretching vibrations (carbonyl groups)Stretching vibrations (carbonyl groups)Aldehydes and ketonesAldehydes and ketones1710-17501710-1750Carboxylic acidsCarboxylic acids1700-17251700-1725Acid anhydridesAcid anhydrides1800-1850 and 1740-17901800-1850 and 1740-1790EstersEsters1730-17501730-1750AmidesAmides1680-17001680-1700Table 13.4 (p 519)Table 13.4 (p 519)Infrared Absorption FrequenciesInfrared Absorption FrequenciesTable 13.4 (p 519)Table 13.4 (p 519)Infrared Absorption FrequenciesInfrared Absorption FrequenciesCCOOStructural unitStructural unitFrequency, cmFrequency, cm-1-1Bending vibrations of alkenesBending vibrations of alkenesTable 13.4 (p 519)Table 13.4 (p 519)Infrared Absorption FrequenciesInfrared Absorption FrequenciesTable 13.4 (p 519)Table 13.4 (p 519)Infrared Absorption FrequenciesInfrared Absorption FrequenciesCHCH22RCHRCHCHCH22RR22CCCHR'CHR'ciscis-RCH-RCHCHR'CHR'transtrans-RCH-RCHCHR'CHR'RR22CC910-990910-990890890665-730665-730960-980960-980790-840790-840Infrared spectrum of 1-hexeneInfrared spectrum of 1-hexeneTransmittance (%)Transmittance (%)10010000Wave number, cmWave number, cm-1-1440044003600360028002800200020001600160012001200800800C=C stretchC=C stretchCHCH22=C— =C— bendbendInfrared spectrum of Infrared spectrum of terttert-butylbenzene-butylbenzeneTransmittance (%)Transmittance (%)10010000Wave number, cmWave number, cm-1-1440044003600360028002800200020001600160012001200800800Ar—H stretch; Ar—H stretch; > 3000> 3000monosubstituted monosubstituted benzenebenzeneStructural unitStructural unitFrequency, Frequency, cmcm-1-1Stretching vibrations (single bonds)Stretching vibrations (single bonds)O—H (alcohols)O—H (alcohols)3200-36003200-3600O—H (carboxylic acids) O—H (carboxylic acids) 3000-31003000-3100N—HN—H3350-35003350-3500Table 13.4 (p 519)Table 13.4 (p 519)Infrared Absorption FrequenciesInfrared Absorption FrequenciesTable 13.4 (p 519)Table 13.4 (p 519)Infrared Absorption FrequenciesInfrared Absorption FrequenciesInfrared spectrum of 2-hexanolInfrared spectrum of 2-hexanolTransmittance (%)Transmittance (%)10010000Wave number, cmWave number, cm-1-1440044003600360028002800200020001600160012001200800800 O—H stretchO—H stretchC—H stretchC—H stretchInfrared spectrum of 2-hexanoneInfrared spectrum of 2-hexanoneTransmittance (%)Transmittance (%)10010000Wave number, cmWave number, cm-1-1440044003600360028002800200020001600160012001200800800 C=O stretchC=O stretchC—H stretchC—H