HIST 106 1st Edition Lecture 8Outline of Last Lecture OUTLINE FOR THE LECTURE ON THE PROGRESSIVE ERA:Who Were the Progressives?• What beliefs did Progressives share?• Who promoted Progressivism?• What problems did Progressives want to fix?• Who were the Progressives?Progressives and Politicians• Theodore Roosevelt—the first Progressive PresidentArbitrating disputes between labor and industryTrustbustingIndustrial regulationConservation• The Election of 1912Taft vs. RooseveltRoosevelt and the Progressive PartyWoodrow WilsonEugene V. Debs• Woodrow Wilson’s “New Freedom”(We may not get to everything; if we don’t, we’ll finish talking about the Progressives at the beginning of next Tuesday’s class.)Outline of Current Lecture OUTLINE FOR THE LECTURE ON PROGRESSIVES AND POLITICIANS: • Theodore Roosevelt—the first Progressive PresidentArbitrating disputes between labor and industryTrustbustingIndustrial regulationConservation• The Election of 1912Taft vs. RooseveltRoosevelt and the Progressive PartyWoodrow WilsonEugene V. Debs• Woodrow Wilson’s “New Freedom”Then we’ll move on to the lecture on American Imperialism.OUTLINE FOR THE LECTURE ON AMERICAN IMPERIALISM:• “The White Man’s Burden” & Changing Ideas of EmpireHawaii• The Spanish-American WarCubaThe Philippines• Policing the Hemisphere“Big Stick” DiplomacyPanama Canal, 1903Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe DoctrineTaft and Dollar DiplomacyWilson and Practical IdealismThe Mexican RevolutionCurrent Lecture1. Election of 1912a. Taft vs Roosevelti. Taft’s leadership divides republican partyii. Roosevelt is on safari during Taft’s presidency and starts receiving letters from progressives that Taft was not following Roosevelt’s old plans1. Returns home in 1910 to directly challenge Taft in 1912 electioniii. Traditional Republican party selects Taftb. Roosevelt and the progressive partyi. Wanted regulations and a lot of government involvementii. Progressive republican party nominates Roosevelt and takes on “New Nationalism”1. Women suffrage2. 8 hour workday3. Prohibition of child labor4. Minimum wage5. Stricter corporate regulationc. Woodrow Wilsoni. Democrats see split republican party as a chance to win presidency for first time in 20 years1. Nominate Woodrow Wilson2. Expresses independence from main stream party politics3. Saw Roosevelt as main competitor and said he was the actual progressivea. “New Freedom”d. Eugene V Debsi. Socialist nominee for 1912 electionii. Appealed to urban voters and immigrantsiii. More than 100k members by election1. Government regulation of banking and industry2. Minimum wage and shorter hours3. Department of education4. Government office of health5. Women’s suffrage2. Woodrow Wilson’s “New Freedom”a. Wanted…i. Economic opportunityii. Individualismiii. States Rightsiv. Banking Reformb. Under Wilson…i. Underwood-Simmons Act- 1913- income tax on richest 5% ii. Federal Reserve Act- 1913- reconstructed federal banking system- reduced power of large private banks and put federal government more in chargeiii. Clayton Anti-trust Act-1914- replaces Sherman Anti-trust Act, shows influence of labor unions- courts couldn’t issue injunctions against theright to strike. Unions get more power iv. Federal Trade Commission- 1914- regulates business without having to go through “trust busting”c. He was a white racist southerneri. Saw the segregation of the capitolii. African Americans had voted for him, because pre-election he promised to be sensitive to black’s rightsiii. Saw that all job applications came with a picture so that they weren’t given to blacks3. Progressivism in National Politicsa. Federal government grows and plays a bigger role in people’s lives than beforeb. National Progressivism serves some causes and constituencies more than othersi. Economic regulation, consumer safety, middle class valuesii. But not immigrant concerns or civil rightsiii. Responds to the campaigns of interest groupsc. Wanted to bring order and progress to the rest of the world as wellAMERICAN IMPERIALISM 1) “The White Man’s Burden” & Changing Ideas of Empirea) Since white man was superior, it was their responsibility to “civilize” other countriesi) Democracyii) Christianityb) American’s wanted Imperialism…i) Belief in racial and cultural superiorityii) Religion: Christianize the worldiii) Politics: democratize the worldiv) Economics: New Marketsv) Strategy: Control of the oceans(1) Oceans were strategic highways for the world(2) Alfred Mahan writes “The Influence of Sea Power Upon History” in favor of US control of the oceans(3) Needed to have bases and ports in both oceans(4) Colonies in both as wellc) Hawaiii) Serves as early test in American Imperialismii) Had previously sent missionaries to promote and spread Christianity iii) US dominates sugar trade in Hawaiiiv) These massive influx of Americans devastate traditional Hawaiian culture and economic independencev) Mahan argues that US needs a naval base in Hawaii for expanding navy(1) Treaty allows Pearl Harbor to be builtvi) New power- Queen Liluokalani(1) Puts restrictions on American power in Hawaii(2) US sends troops to overthrow Queen and set up new government(3) Hawaii becomes protectoratevii) 1898- Hawaii annexed into US2) The Spanish-American Wara) Cubai) Fought for independence from Spain 1895-1898ii) McKinnely publicly announces that US did not want to take Cuba, but did want o help (without military force) them gain independenceiii) Red flags that McKinnely’s word may not be true(1) Battleships began being fitted with metal armoriv) Yellow Journalism appears(1) Newspapers stop caring about producing news and more about attracting readership(2) Made up stories that would get people to want to read(3) Encouraged US involvement in War(4) Produced sensationalized stories about Spanish attacks in Cuba that weren’t true(5) Portrayed Cuba as “damsel in distress”v) Sinking of USS Maine- Feb 15, 1898(1) Was in harbor to rescue some Cubans(2) Explosion probably from problems inside the ship, but yellow journalist blame the explosion on Spain(3) Fueled public outrage and support of the war and basically forced Mckinnely to ask congress to declare war against Spainvi) Congress barely passes resolution and only does so because of clause that promises US wouln’t try to establish control of Spanish colonies