HIST 106 1st Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture LECTURE OUTLINE FOR WHITE SUPREMACY The Rise of Jim Crow From de facto segregation to de jure segregation Wilmington Race Riot of 1898 Disfranchisement laws Whitening the West Dawes Act and attempted assimilation of Indians Chinese Exclusion Act Nativism and New Immigrants Shift from old immigrants to new immigrants Nativism restriction discrimination assimilation Outline of Current Lecture OUTLINE FOR THE LECTURE ON THE PROGRESSIVE ERA I m going to break the lecture up into two parts First we ll look at Who Were the Progressives What beliefs did Progressives share Who promoted Progressivism What problems did Progressives want to fix Who were the Progressives Then we ll discuss Progressives and Politicians Theodore Roosevelt the first Progressive President Arbitrating disputes between labor and industry Trustbusting Industrial regulation Conservation The Election of 1912 Taft vs Roosevelt Roosevelt and the Progressive Party Woodrow Wilson Eugene V Debs Woodrow Wilson s New Freedom We may not get to everything if we don t we ll finish talking about the Progressives at the beginning of next Tuesday s class Current Lecture Who were the progressives 1 What beliefs did progressives share a Progress i Life and society would get better if people made honest effort to make it better ii Was possible to make the world over iii People could create new worlds and individuals could be an active part in history iv Thought progress could be made by pointing problems out b People are good and rational i Industrialism had covered up good ii More like ignorance than evil intent iii If pointed out faults and what is wrong people would rally to fix things iv Humans would think and make decision in rational ways v Muckraking exposing problems to society 1 The Jungle and the meat packing industry 2 Public called for food and drug regulations c Individual rights have to be balanced with the public good i Worried individual rights came at expense of group interest ii Certain forms of private and public control would enhance not limit public good 1 Would build society of healthy and mentally strong d Capitalism i Thought this was endangered by growing number of unhappy workers and immigrants ii Wanted it to be reinstated and reformed e Reform i Improvements to society 2 Who promoted progressivism a Intellectuals and Academic i Sociology studying society to find and test solutions for society s problems b Educators i John Dewey 1 Father of Progressive Education 2 argued school was place to change society 3 Job of teacher was to teach the student how to live by teaching them how to think ii Progressives believed everyone should be educated c Businessmen i Small businessmen in particular 1 Wanted regulation to break up pools and trusts ii Had stake in progressivism 1 Believed workers and owners shared common goal of prosperity a If factories could work in harmony everyone would benefit iii Argued that people wanted to work but the conditions brought out the worst in employees 1 If these could be fixed there would be better relationships between employee and employer d Religious Leaders and Theologians i Social Gospel 1 Argued church had to be active in reforming 2 Wanted to apply Christian morals to problems 3 Christians had to solve not create problems 4 Christians had to be outspoken about reform 5 Focused efforts on women and children 6 Soul of progressivism ii Moral Control 1 Creating orderly society 2 Degradation of the family a Industrialization was tearing the family apart 3 Walter Rauschenbusch Christianity and the Social Crisis a Industrialization as most progressive and most crushing movement in history b Had to be accompanied by justice i Teaching of this had to be done by church 3 What problems did Progressives want to fix a Political Corruption and Inefficiency i City governments were notoriously corrupted ii Municipal officials were not trained iii Progressives pushed for elected officials and more regulation for the officials 1 Experts in charge of fields 2 More regulation of all governments b Electoral Reforms i Pushed for clean up of electoral process ii Introduced Secret Ballot iii Legislation to be put to popular vote 1 People in the area had a lot more say in what was being passed iv Shorter terms v Proposed to have more people elected and less appointments vi Women suffrage NAWSA 1 Pushed for women s right to vote 2 Women if allowed to vote would push for reforms c Economic Chaos i US had been in Boom and Bust periods 1 Frequent recessions and depressions ii Called for laws for changing hours and child labor d Urban Overcrowding and Poverty e Public Health and Consumer Safety i Importance of sanitation f Morality i Traditional morals were under siege ii Vices Dance halls saloons alcohol etc g These problems could not be fixed by just individuals had to have government reform 4 Who were the progressives a Middle Class Reformers i Believed upper class was too greedy and lower class too lazy ii Settlement Houses provided education English classes child care for lower class to get on feet b Former Populist i Pushing for national reform in favor of farmers c Labor Leaders i Pushed for improving laborers living and working condition d Women i Municipal House keeping civic Justified women s involvement in public sphere 1 In response to men s arguments that a woman s place was in the home or private sphere 2 Said their nurturing ways belonged in public as public housekeep exactly what they were doing at home on a broader range 3 Women would help clean up society ii Temperance Movement 1 Anti vice Moral Control movement 2 Worked towards prohibition e African Americans and other ethnic groups i Whites blamed these groups for some of the problems in society ii These groups responded by showing they were good members of society and wanted the same reform that white s wanted iii Black women develop own groups since they typically could not join white s 1 Campaign against lynching f Represented major change in American politics g Both Political parties saw themselves as progressive and almost all presidential candidates ran as reformers Progressives and Politicians 1 Theodore Roosevelt the first progressive President a Makes trip to Mississippi i Needed vacation working vacation 1 Befriends Holt Collier on hunting trip a Promises to let Roosevelt kill first bear b When found Roosevelt wasn t around c When he gets there he refuses to shoot