HIST 106 1st Edition Lecture 7Outline of Last Lecture LECTURE OUTLINE FORWHITE SUPREMACY• The Rise of Jim CrowFrom de facto segregation to de jure segregation– Wilmington Race Riot of 1898– Disfranchisement laws• Whitening the WestDawes Act and attempted assimilation of IndiansChinese Exclusion Act• Nativism and New ImmigrantsShift from “old immigrants” to “new immigrants”Nativism: restriction, discrimination, assimilationOutline of Current Lecture OUTLINE FOR THE LECTURE ONTHE PROGRESSIVE ERAI’m going to break the lecture up into two parts:First, we’ll look at:Who Were the Progressives?• What beliefs did Progressives share?• Who promoted Progressivism?• What problems did Progressives want to fix?• Who were the Progressives?Then we’ll discuss:Progressives and Politicians• Theodore Roosevelt—the first Progressive PresidentArbitrating disputes between labor and industryTrustbustingIndustrial regulationConservation• The Election of 1912Taft vs. RooseveltRoosevelt and the Progressive PartyWoodrow WilsonEugene V. Debs• Woodrow Wilson’s “New Freedom”(We may not get to everything; if we don’t, we’ll finish talking about the Progressives at the beginning of next Tuesday’s class.)Current LectureWho were the progressives?1. What beliefs did progressives share?a. Progressi. Life and society would get better if people made honest effort to make it betterii. Was possible to make the world overiii. People could create new worlds and individuals could be an active part in historyiv. Thought progress could be made by pointing problems outb. People are good and rationali. Industrialism had covered up goodii. More like ignorance than evil intentiii. If pointed out faults and what is wrong, people would rally to fix thingsiv. Humans would think and make decision in rational waysv. Muckraking- exposing problems to society1. “The Jungle” and the meat packing industry2. Public called for food and drug regulationsc. Individual rights have to be balanced with the public goodi. Worried individual rights came at expense of group interestii. Certain forms of private and public control would enhance, not limit, public good1. Would build society of healthy and mentally strongd. Capitalismi. Thought this was endangered by growing number of unhappy workers and immigrantsii. Wanted it to be reinstated and reformede. Reformi. Improvements to society2. Who promoted progressivism?a. Intellectuals and Academici. Sociology- studying society to find and test solutions for society’s problemsb. Educatorsi. John Dewey 1. Father of Progressive Education2. argued school was place to change society3. Job of teacher was to teach the student how to live by teaching them how to thinkii. Progressives believed everyone should be educatedc. Businessmeni. Small businessmen in particular1. Wanted regulation to break up pools and trustsii. Had stake in progressivism 1. Believed workers and owners shared common goal of prosperitya. If factories could work in harmony, everyone would benefitiii. Argued that people wanted to work, but the conditions brought out the worst in employees1. If these could be fixed, there would be better relationships between employee and employerd. Religious Leaders and Theologiansi. Social Gospel1. Argued church had to be active in reforming2. Wanted to apply Christian morals to problems3. Christians had to solve not create problems4. Christians had to be outspoken about reform5. Focused efforts on women and children6. Soul of progressivismii. Moral Control1. Creating orderly society2. “Degradation of the family”a. Industrialization was tearing the family apart3. Walter Rauschenbusch- Christianity and the Social Crisisa. Industrialization as most progressive and most crushing movement in historyb. Had to be accompanied by justice i. Teaching of this had to be done by church3. What problems did Progressives want to fix?a. Political Corruption and Inefficiencyi. City governments were notoriously corruptedii. Municipal officials were not trained iii. Progressives pushed for elected officials and more regulation for the officials1. Experts in charge of fields2. More regulation of all governmentsb. Electoral Reformsi. Pushed for clean up of electoral processii. Introduced “Secret Ballot”iii. Legislation to be put to popular vote1. People in the area had a lot more say in what was being passediv. Shorter termsv. Proposed to have more people elected and less appointmentsvi. Women suffrage- NAWSA1. Pushed for women’s right to vote2. Women, if allowed to vote, would push for reformsc. Economic Chaosi. US had been in Boom and Bust periods1. Frequent recessions and depressionsii. Called for laws for changing hours and child labord. Urban Overcrowding and Povertye. Public Health and Consumer Safetyi. Importance of sanitationf. Moralityi. Traditional morals were “under siege” ii. Vices- Dance halls, saloons, alcohol, etcg. These problems could not be fixed by just individuals, had to have government reform4. Who were the progressives?a. Middle Class Reformersi. Believed upper-class was too greedy and lower class too lazyii. Settlement Houses- provided education, English classes, child care for lower class to get on feetb. Former Populisti. Pushing for national reform in favor of farmersc. Labor Leadersi. Pushed for improving laborers living and working conditiond. Womeni. Municipal House keeping/civic- Justified women’s involvement in public sphere1. In response to men’s arguments that a woman’s place was in the home or private sphere2. Said their nurturing ways belonged in public as public housekeep (exactly what they were doing at home on a broader range)3. Women would help “clean up” society ii. Temperance Movement1. Anti-vice/Moral Control movement2. Worked towards prohibitione. African Americans and other ethnic groupsi. Whites blamed these groups for some of the problems in societyii. These groups responded by showing they were good members of society and wanted the same reform that white’s wantediii. Black women develop own groups since they typically could not join white’s1. Campaign against lynchingf. Represented major change in American politicsg. Both Political parties saw themselves as progressive and almost all presidential candidates ran as “reformers”Progressives and Politicians1. Theodore Roosevelt- the first progressive Presidenta. Makes trip to