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ISU MUS 152 - mus 152 exam 1

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Vocabulary List/Study Guide #1Music152, Spring 2014“Throw Down Your Heart”- A film about a traveling banjo player to Africa Documentary in 2009 Bela Fleck: Music tour/recording  Four locations: Uganda, Tanzania, Gambia, Mali “Reuniting the banjo with its ancestors” A village in Tanzania where slaves were brought to the coast“Touch the Sound” Took place in NYC Evelyn Glennie: Deaf percussion playerAABB Type of form Dance music from the British Isles (Irish, Scottish music)Acoustics A scientific study of sound (Musicians shape sound) Sub-branch of physics African Music traits Extremely conversational Dense textures Interlocking parts Buzzy timbres Ostinato Descending melodies1Amplitude = power/loudness of sound Term comes from acoustics Physics use this for loudness & dynamics Loudness (of vibration) Volume dynamic level Refers to the power of sound (more loudness)Belá Fleck Central figure in “Thrown Down Your Heart” Plays banjoBinary form Form with 2 parts (AABB) (A-B) form with each section normally repeatedCadence The break or pause between phrases (comma, period, breath)Call and response African music trait Conversation style music Going back and forth (sing a line, then there is a response back) Musical Question & AnswerChordophone Type of instrument—String vibrates, makes noise Ex: Guitar Colonialism Foreign control (domination) with the purpose of extracting resources; political authority from the outside  Impacted several styles of music Contour Shape of melody (Ascending or Descending pattern) Determined by culture; different cultures have a different preference on contour Counterpoint Type of texture; when there are multiple voices doing things melodically different and each are all equally competing for your attentionDescending melodic contours Melody that starts high and goes down (High to low pitch)Dynamics Means loudness/power of the noise or sound Higher the dynamics the higher the powerEdward Hall Anthropologist Mid-20th century (1960’s-1970’s) Made film from roof of school house; synced everyone together Determined most of our communication is non-verbal. All human beings are part of a non-verbal patterned behaviorEgalitarian society Type of organization (music reflects how we organize ourselves) Everyone is equally involved in decision making (Opposite of stratified or hierarchical society)Electronophone (1940) Type of instrument, vibrating part is the electromagnetic field Have to plug into an amplifier  Ex: Electric guitarEnsemble More than one musician working/playing together  Collection of instruments (Ex: Orchestra)Ethnomusicology Field that combines the study of music (musicology) with the study of culture (anthropology) How music is linked to the rest of lifeEvelyn Glennie “Touch the sound” (film) Deaf percussionist; had a unique way of playing and listeningFixed pitch Instrument that can only play one pitch The frequency of the vibrator doesn’t change; only capable of one pitch! Ex: Piano, harp, bell, harmonica Flow Theory in Psychology; State of mind recharged emotional batteries Motivated/produced by optimal experiences (everyone has their own) All of us are after a sense of flow For musicians, music is optimal experienceForm Architectural structure of music, how it is pieced together Ex: AABB (can be contrasted with content, letters of the alphabet)Frequency Speed of vibration (how fast something vibrates) Determines pitch High/low Faster =higher pitch; slower =lower pitchGriot Figure in West African culture Historian/story teller (handed down from one generation to the next) History keeper, keeps it in song; “Throw Down Your Heart”Ground and elaboration parts 2-part texture, found in African music  Repeating phrase, bass, multiple instruments created fields of repeated phrases, someone creating solo line off of this Song: MansaHeterophonic texture Simultaneous variations All voices on the same melody, but out of sync Traditional Irish musicians, drunk people singing at bar “Happy birthday”Homophonic texture Texture with harmony (everyone on a different pitch but harmonizing) Everyone is playing the same song at different pitches Choir singing hymns, South African national anthem Idiophone Rigid instrument; whole thing vibrates Ex: Marimba, bellLoudness Volume, dynamic level, amplitudeMarimba 6 person instrument (Ugandian village) Resonator is in a large pit/hole underneath instrument (amplifier) Like xylophone but with wooden keysMelodic contour Shape of melody; culturally determined ascending or descending Melody Tune A coherent succession of pitches Has to make sense; go togetherMelody and drone Type of texture; 2 voices One pitch is holding steady Polyphonic texture  Drone-steady held pitch; ex: bag pipesMembranophone Type of instrument; membrane is stretched/flexible skin Skin membrane vibrates Ex: Drums Meter Aspect of rhythm; organization of pulses and beats How we count musicMonophonic texture Single voice texture (sometimes more than one) One sound, or multiple voices doing exactly the same thingOptimal Experience Produces a sense of flow, varies from person to person Ostinato Italian= short, repeating phrase Riff, repeating phrase Ground partOvertones (partial vibrations) Creates timbre  The voice of an instrument is determined by partial vibrations (comes out of acoustics, physics)Participatory musicParticipatory Music Invited participation; wants you to join in  Physically engagedPhrase Short complete musical idea, repeated at a lower pitch Punctuated by cadences (pause)Pitch Tone Level of pitch is determined by frequency High or lowness of sound Caused by steady frequency (Vibration @ steady frequency)Polyglot Type of human being; knows many languages African society means many tongues, flexible communications Polyphonic texture Type of texture; multiple voicesPolyrhythm Multiple rhythms and metersPresentational music Listening to music Music that is presented to you rather than you being involvedPulse  The beat, sign that music is alive Underlying sense of regular or irregularResonator Things that amplifies that sound


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