BOLOGY 107 Lecture 35Outline of Last Lecture I. Bacteria and Archaeaa. Why is resistance spreading?b. Prokaryotic metabolismc. Archaead. Roles of bacteriaII. Viruses Rapid adaptation Outline of Current Lecture III. Viruses a. Life cycleb. Bacteriophages c. Treatment d. Retroviruses Current LectureViruses1) Life cyclea) Viral genome infects the celli) Un-coats – injects DNA or RNA, leave protein coat behindb) Uses host machinery to replicate viral genome and express viral proteinsc) Viral particles self-assembled) Exits the hosti) Causes the most damage to the cell(1) Can lyse the cell(2) Can disrupt transcription regulation of host cells genes by inserting viral DNA into the hosts genome, can cause cancer2) Bacteriophages (bacterial viruses)a) Lytic cyclei) Results in host cell lysis (bursting)b) Lysogenic cyclei) Integrates genome into the hosts genomeii) Does not kill cell, replicates DNA with host to propagateiii) Can become lytic later c) Capsid These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.i) Protein shell around virus(1) Diverse in shapeii) Can have an envelope(1) Lipid bilayer around the capsid in some viruses(2) Comes from the host membrane(3) Contains glycoproteins(a) Help the virus infect other hostsd) Host rangei) Infect specific tissues and species(1) Due to capsid and envelope proteins of virus interacting with the host membraneii) Can be broad or narrow(1) Can affect many species or just one tissue in a particular species3) Treatment a) Vaccination i) Raise antibodies to attack virus before it can infectb) Treat symptomsi) Happens when virus mutates quickly so it is hard to targetc) Slow the progression of infectioni) Happens with cases like HIV4) Retroviruses a) Require RNA to be copied to DNAi) Virus also inject Reverse Transcriptase (RTase) (1) Translates RNA to DNA to be replicated by the host proteins(a) An example would be HIVb) HIVi) Has capsid and envelopeii) 2 RNAs and 2 RTases(1) Encodes:(a) RTase, capsid proteins, envelope proteins, protease, integrase, TFs, and regulatory
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