Criminology(SOC 2230)Exam 2March 4, 2013R. D. McConnellPlease mark your answers with a no. 2 pencil on the bubble sheet provided. Feel free to write on or mark the multiple-choice section of this exam as you need. Submit only your bubble sheetswhen you finish. You should keep this list of questions for future reference.Multiple-Choice1. In Merton’s typology of deviant adaptations, crime typicallytakes the form of which of the following.A. Conformity.B. Innovation.C. Ritualism.D. Retreatism.2. The person who, in Merton’s typology, rejects both cultural goals and legitimate means represents which adaptation?A. Anomie.B. Innovation.C. Ritualism.D. Retreatism.3. Why, according to Merton’s anomie theory, do people in the lower class commit crime at higher rates?A. Legitimate means are under-emphasized in the culture.B. They lack means to reach high success goals.C. Both A and B.4. According to Merton’s anomie theory, members of the upper class would commit white-collar offenses for what reason(s)?A. Legitimate means are under-emphasized in the culture.B. Their means to reach success goals are insufficient.C. Both A and B.25. How does Merton’s theory define anomie?A. A state of normlessness in society.B. A condition of cultural disorganization.C. The weakness of non-economic goals and means.D. The rejection of legitimate goals and/or means.6. How do Messner and Rosenfeld define anomie?A. Rejection of cultural means and/or goals.B. Weakness of the economy.C. Normlessness in time of social change.D. Weak goals and means from non-economic institutions.7. According to Messner and Rosenfeld’s institutional anomie theory, high murder rates in the United States are due largely to what aspect of American culture?A. Emphasis on technical efficiency.B. Culture of violence.C. Rapid social change.D. Devaluation of the American Dream.8. Messner and Rosenfeld define the American Dream, in part, asa goal which is “to be pursued by everyone in society.” This refers to which aspect of the American Dream?A. Achievement.B. Individualism.C. Universalism.D. Fetishism of Money.9. In American society, no paid family leave is guaranteed to mothers or fathers after the birth of a child, and this is an example of what specific aspect of the dominance of the economy and weakened of non-economic institutions?A. Universalism.B. Devaluation.C. Accommodation.D. Penetration.310. Trace the high crime rates in Messner and Rosenfeld’s modelfrom the culture through the social structure for the following question.Why, according to Messner and Rosenfeld, does Americans’ concentration of their activity in the economy generate crime?A. Crime is technically efficient.B. Non-economic institutions offer weak values.C. Behavior in the economy is less restricted.D. Other institutions block economic goals.11. Albert Cohen found the place where working-class boys most experience strain to be where?A. Socially disorganized areas.B. Family.C. School.D. Working-class neighborhoods.12. Delinquent boys, according to Cohen, develop their delinquent subculture by doing which of the following?A. Expressing lower-class values.B. Inverting mainstream values.C. Rejecting non-economic values.D. Overconforming to criminal values.413. On which of the following do Cloward and Ohlin focus in their theory of delinquency?A. Innovation.B. Nonutilitarian behavior.C. Disorganization.D. Criminal opportunity.14. Which of the following delinquent subcultures forms where legitimate and illegitimate social structures are integrated?A. Criminal.B. Rebellion.C. Conflict.D. Retreatist.15. Violence is the only means of attaining status which delinquent boys possess in what subculture?A. Criminal.B. Conflict.C. Retreatist.D. Nonutilitarian.16. In Agnew’s strain theory, what is the causal mechanism whichlinks strain to criminal behavior?A. Emotional coping.B. Anomie.C. Anger.D. Anticipated strain.17. Which of the following types of strain describes the juvenile’s concerns about his goals in his present situation?A. The disjunction between aspirations and expectations/actual achievements.B. The disjunction between expectations and actual achievements.C. The disjunction between just/fair outcomes and actual outcomes.D. Vicarious strain.518. In which of the following forms of strain listed by Agnew isgoal blockage the person’s main problem?A. Strain as the disjunction between just/fair outcomes and actual outcomes.B. Strain as the removal of positively valued stimuli fromthe individual.C. Strain as the disjunction between aspirations and expectations/actual achievements.D. Anticipated strain.19. Agnew explains that strained and angry people will be unlikely to commit crime when they can adapt through what?A. Cognitive coping.B. Innovation.C. Generalized aggression.D. Behavioral coping.20. Cloward and Ohlin described boys in a retreatist subculture as what?A. Nonutilitarian.B. Double failures.C. Over-conforming.D. Negativistic.6True-False21. Merton assumed that those who commit crime are essentially normal people.A. True.B. False.22. Messner and Rosenfeld argued that all capitalist economies generate high crime rates.A. True.B. False.23. Cloward and Ohlin conclude that boys in a criminal subculture make exaggerated displays of criminal attitudes and behaviors because their values are nonutilitarian, malicious and negativistic.A. True.B. False.24. According to Agnew’s strain theory, women commit less violent crime than men because they experience less strain.A. True.B. False.725. According to Agnew’s general strain model of community crimepresented below, the same factors which cause strain in a community are those which limit community members’ ability to deal with the anger which results from strain.A. True.B.