PSYC 305 1st Edition Exam 5 Study Guide Chapters 3 4 Reader Chapter 3 Describe the 3 parts of the biopsychosocial model What is more of a threat to our health and well being than contagious diseases Biopsychosocial Model o Biological Genetic predisposition infectious agents immune response and physiological reactivity o Psychological Stress personality type health habits and coping tactics o Social Sanitation medical care pollution control social support and health education o Lifestyle is more of a threat to health and well being How people choose to live their lives has a significant impact on well being Describe the 3 things that contribute to poor health Smoking o Most addictive o Contributes to Coronary heart disease by 2 4x Stroke by 2 4 x Lung cancer in men by 23x Lung cancer in women by 13x Dying from chronic lung disease by 12 13x Alcohol Drug Use o Tolerance effect with prolonged use it takes more of the drug to produce the same effect o Physical dependence exists when a person has to continue to take the drug in order to avoid withdrawal o Psychological dependence occurs when a person feels compelled to continue to use the drug because if intense emotional mental craving Describe the factors that have contributed to the global epidemic of obesity What are the consequences of weight related problems Less exercise and consumption of fats and carbs have contributed to the epidemic Consequences o Direct Health care costs are higher for obese people o Indirect Obesity negatively affects wages especially for women Obese people live 8 10 less than people of normal weight Which foods should be eaten most often and which should be eaten sparingly Why Define self defeating behavior and why is it an important concept to understand Self defeating behavior saying you want something and then proceeding to do things that increase the likelihood that it won t happen o Important to understand because it s believed that behaviors are rooted in largely unconscious preconceived old notions about who one is and what one can have in life Define limiting beliefs self handicapping passive self defeat high anxiety avoidance and fear of change Limiting beliefs Beliefs or decisions we make about ourselves and or our model of the world that limit the way we live our life Self handicapping when ppl fear failure or the inability to sustain success they create an impediment or handicap that makes success less likely Passive self defeat withdrawing dropping out procrastinating indecisiveness obsessive planning but never getting to the act itself High anxiety avoidance the amount of anxiety generated by the possibility of failure or success greatly influences a person s willingness to try Fear of change ppl become attached to their particular way of being that they even mourn the loss of unhealthy patterns Define learned helplessness and what can a human do so that he doesn t act like a dog Learned Helplessness past experiences that made people feel as though they had little control over their aversive situations Having a sense of control over one s environment will counter the effects of learned helplessness Name 2 general forms of coping Problem focused coping o Facing the problem and trying to fix it by altering the situation Emotion focused coping o Managing the emotional distress caused by a situation Describe ineffective coping strategies Learned helplessness o Form of giving up without even trying first Being aggressive o Being aggressive only tends to fuel more anger and aggression rather than solving any problem Blaming yourself o Tendency to blame yourself when things don t go as planned Over indulging yourself o When one indulges in self destructive behavior when things don t go as planned Describe 6 coping strategies Use support systems Use problem solving o Self perception o Define the problem o List options o Make a decision o Try it out Self relaxation o Environment o Body o Mind distract yourself from daily thoughts and move into a relaxing frame of mind Talk yourself through it Reward your accomplishments Keep a sense of humor Define self fulfilling prophecy and what is the implication for cognitive restructuring Self fulfilling prophecy a negative form of cognitive restructuring in which a person sees his her unchecked negative thinking as true 5 ways to develop self efficacy Live a life of goals Set goals with reasonable standards Talk to yourself in a positive manner Seek out good role models Define conflict management Conflict management a coping response to conflict in which a person uses various communication skills to manage and lessen the disagreement in order to explore possible solutions 5 categories of psychological disorders listed in the text Anxiety Disorders o Mood disorders o Depression o Bipolar disorder Personality disorders Eating disorders Schizophrenic disorders 4 guidelines for seeking professional help At what time should you seek professional help Where do you find help What do you expect form therapy How long is therapy needed Chapter 4 What is positive psychology 3 main areas studied as a part of positive psychology Positive Psychology the movement within psychology that explores human strengths and focuses on how people can be successful and lead fuller lives o The 3 main areas are Subjective experiences Positive individual traits Social institutions that promote subjective well being What is the broaden and build model Developed by Barbara Fredrickson positive emotions build up social cognitive and affective resources that lead to a broader range of actions and thus builds more personal resources and positive feelings in an upward spiral of health What are flow mindfulness and resilience What are the steps in finding flow Flow positive subjective experience that adds value and meaning to life o Have a specific goal to look forward to Find something you re excited about o Cultivate your curiosity and interests Make an effort to find new things to do that you find interesting o Try to be surprised everyday Look for new ways to experience life o Keep a record of your efforts Write down each day what surprised you o Take charge of your schedule Carve out time for yourself when you are most likely to feel creative Mindfulness the state of consciously becoming more aware of the present moment the situation that one is in and what s happening around one Resilience the ability to cope with negative experiences and still maintain mental health 4 components of