GEOG1710 1st Edition Lecture 22 Outline of Previous Lecture I Glaciers II Oceans and Coastal Processes III Components of Seawater that Matter for Life in the Ocean Outline of Current Lecture I II III IV V VI VII VIII pH of Seawater Coastal Ecosystems Origin of Water Tides Coastal Erosion Coastal Deposition Barrier Islands Coastal Wetlands Current Lecture PH of Seawater Average ocean pH is 8 2 Average pH of rainwater is about 5 6 Ocean pH could decrease 0 4 to 0 5 by 2100 Coastal Ecosystems Where the ocean and land meet Productive ecosystem Littoral zone area zone where land and ocean interact from the shoreline to the edge of the continental shelf What shapes littoral zone Waves transmit energy and some water Oscillatory waves moves energy not water Translatory waves moves actual water onto coastline Origin of Water Wind generated waves These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute o Friction between surface air and water o Like stalks of wheat as wind blows in a wheat field o Water returns to its original position after transmitting the wave Tsunami o Water displaced by earthquakes volcanoes landslides o Wave with a long wavelength o Can travel 600 800kmph o Near coast shallow water forces wavelength to shorten height may increases 15m Warning Systems o Computer models used to establish wave arrival times o Model simulates earthquake wave propagation and inundation of dry land Tides Tides movement of ocean water due to gravitational pull of moon and sun Lunar tides Spring tides is when sun and moon in conjunction strongest Neap tides occur when sun and moon not directly in conjunction or opposite Effect of sun on tides about half of that of the moon because the moon is closer Coastal Erosion Physical removal of coastal rock matter by wave pounding Abrasion Chemical removal of ions from minerals Landforms sea cliff embayment headland sea cave sea arch sea stack bay barrier Coastal Deposition Energy load Deposits silt size to boulders Most material comes from streams o Delta Coastal cliff erosion Offshore sources Beaches attached to mainland along length o Low wave energy fine material sand o High wave energy cobbles Sediments vary in color Barrier Islands A long narrow sandy island running parallels to shore A barrier islands form a thin protective wall between open sea and mainland Absorb strongest waves Shelter mainland during large storms Coastal Wetlands Lands where saturation with water determines specific soil types and organisms Coastal salt marsh and mangroves Coastal wetland services o Productive natural ecosystem provision o Flood protection regulating o Filter nutrients pollutants and sediments from water running between dry land and ocean regulating o Erosion control regulating o Wildlife habitat esthetic cultural o Wetlands Wetlands are susceptible to degradation
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