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Slide 1Chapter 6The Development of RehabilitationThe Medical ModelThe Decline of the Rehabilitative IdealClassification of Inmates (1 of 2)Classification of Inmates (2 of 2)Prison ProgrammingBringing About ChangeIndividual vs. Group TherapyTherapeutic CommunitiesPsychological and Psychiatric ProgramsEvaluating the Effectiveness of TreatmentEvaluation StudiesWhat Does Work?Chapter 6Classification and RehabilitationThe Development of RehabilitationEarly almshouses, houses of correction, etc. sought to change the individualMark system – MaconochieIrish system – Sir Walter Crofton1870 – indeterminate system (based on good behavior)Positivist school – saw cause of crime in individualThe Medical ModelCrime is a symptom of an underlying pathology that can be treatedCrime = product of biological and environmental factors1870, reformatory idealAdvances in science, social science through the 1960s–1970The Decline of the Rehabilitative IdealMartinson studyCritics of MartinsonClassification of Inmates (1 of 2)Classification for ManagementSecurity – custody level of prison, custody classification of individualSubjective classification systemsObjective classification systems (actuarial data; risk scale)4Classification of Inmates (2 of 2)Classification for TreatmentInternal classification Psychological assessment Level of Service Inventory-RevisedCommunity Risk/Needs Management ScaleWisconsin risk/needs instrumentPsychological paper and pencil testsMMPII-LevelAIMsMegargee MMPI-basedPrison Programming Inmate activitiesRecreationReligionArts and CraftsCommunity ServiceTreatment ProgramsSelf-Help Groups (12 step)Professional Group TreatmentBringing About ChangeDoes “curing” inmate’s problem necessarily stop crime?Is inmate’s problem (i.e. depression) necessarily the cause of crime?How do you measure success?4Individual vs. Group TherapyIndividual therapy not commonCostly and time consumingPsychologists have other dutiesGroup therapy may follow any formatProblems include subculture, security4Therapeutic CommunitiesCharacteristics: isolation, staff integrated into program, voluntary and selection, well trained staff, motivated inmatesAll activities are seen as part of treatmentWell controlled evaluations do not show recidivism reductionSuccessful participants speak highly of programsPsychological and Psychiatric ProgramsPsychotherapyBehavior Modification Therapy (token economies, aversive conditioning)Cognitive-Behavioral TherapyTransactional AnalysisReality TherapyEvaluating the Effectiveness of TreatmentMartinson’s findings were not “nothing works”What is success?What degree of recidivism equals success?How does program implementation match ideal?Other issues Eclectic programs impossible to replicateHigh attritionControl group“Black box” of prisonEffect of treatment professionalIndividualized treatmentEvaluation StudiesPalmerGendreau and RossAndrews and BontaLipsey and colleagues Cullen and GilbertWhat Does Work?Elements of a successful program (Coulson and Nutbrown)Cognitive-based programs seem most successfulWhat Works For Women? Gendreau’s principles for effective treatment Gender-responsive


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SJSU SOCI 158 - Chapter 6

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