Slide 1Chapter 6The Development of RehabilitationThe Medical ModelThe Decline of the Rehabilitative IdealClassification of Inmates (1 of 2)Classification of Inmates (2 of 2)Prison ProgrammingBringing About ChangeIndividual vs. Group TherapyTherapeutic CommunitiesPsychological and Psychiatric ProgramsEvaluating the Effectiveness of TreatmentEvaluation StudiesWhat Does Work?Chapter 6Classification and RehabilitationThe Development of RehabilitationEarly almshouses, houses of correction, etc. sought to change the individualMark system – MaconochieIrish system – Sir Walter Crofton1870 – indeterminate system (based on good behavior)Positivist school – saw cause of crime in individualThe Medical ModelCrime is a symptom of an underlying pathology that can be treatedCrime = product of biological and environmental factors1870, reformatory idealAdvances in science, social science through the 1960s–1970The Decline of the Rehabilitative IdealMartinson studyCritics of MartinsonClassification of Inmates (1 of 2)Classification for ManagementSecurity – custody level of prison, custody classification of individualSubjective classification systemsObjective classification systems (actuarial data; risk scale)4Classification of Inmates (2 of 2)Classification for TreatmentInternal classification Psychological assessment Level of Service Inventory-RevisedCommunity Risk/Needs Management ScaleWisconsin risk/needs instrumentPsychological paper and pencil testsMMPII-LevelAIMsMegargee MMPI-basedPrison Programming Inmate activitiesRecreationReligionArts and CraftsCommunity ServiceTreatment ProgramsSelf-Help Groups (12 step)Professional Group TreatmentBringing About ChangeDoes “curing” inmate’s problem necessarily stop crime?Is inmate’s problem (i.e. depression) necessarily the cause of crime?How do you measure success?4Individual vs. Group TherapyIndividual therapy not commonCostly and time consumingPsychologists have other dutiesGroup therapy may follow any formatProblems include subculture, security4Therapeutic CommunitiesCharacteristics: isolation, staff integrated into program, voluntary and selection, well trained staff, motivated inmatesAll activities are seen as part of treatmentWell controlled evaluations do not show recidivism reductionSuccessful participants speak highly of programsPsychological and Psychiatric ProgramsPsychotherapyBehavior Modification Therapy (token economies, aversive conditioning)Cognitive-Behavioral TherapyTransactional AnalysisReality TherapyEvaluating the Effectiveness of TreatmentMartinson’s findings were not “nothing works”What is success?What degree of recidivism equals success?How does program implementation match ideal?Other issues Eclectic programs impossible to replicateHigh attritionControl group“Black box” of prisonEffect of treatment professionalIndividualized treatmentEvaluation StudiesPalmerGendreau and RossAndrews and BontaLipsey and colleagues Cullen and GilbertWhat Does Work?Elements of a successful program (Coulson and Nutbrown)Cognitive-based programs seem most successfulWhat Works For Women? Gendreau’s principles for effective treatment Gender-responsive
View Full Document