ANP 370 1nd Edition Exam 3 Study Guide Lectures 9 16 1 What do you understand by the concept of Biomedical Violence Can you think of the different forms of violence discussed in class as well as in your own life a In biomedicine various violence are carried out against human bodies either living or dead either whole or in parts for over centuries i Human bodies become subject to violence in biomedicine through rapid technological discoveries 2 Who is the father of modern anatomy a Herophilus father of anatomy Chalcedon Britania now Turkey 335 BC 280 BC i Performed public dissection of human corpses for medical knowledge ii Likely used live humans for dissection 3 Know the significant examples of unethical biomedical experiments discussed in class a Andreas Vesalius Brussels 1514 1564 i At the dawn of sixteenth century provided a fuller description of human anatomy by dissecting corpses stolen from gallows and tombs ii No such thing as medical consent b Nazi experimented body children and x rays c Tuskegee Experiment i 40 years it was supported by NIH taxpayer money ii 400 black men used for understanding progression of syphilis intentionally not being treated all of them died not being told they were being lied to thought medication was being given to them d Monir s field research i Kidney trafficking ii Liver trade e Indian surrogates f Henrietta Lax 4 How do you see transplantations as an example of biomedicine propagating social inequality a The poor need the money and the rich need the organs and have the money to pay for them Exploiting the lower class for the good of the upper class 5 Transplantations are problematic for a number of reasons Two issues discussed in class are a it is a form of biomedical violence and has ethical repercussions 6 Plastination not only refers to the preservation of human bodies but this is done as a means to increase knowledge production on the human body 7 The main ideas entailed in the commodification of a human bodies Examples discussed in class example slavery prostitution organ trade 8 What is the general outlook of society towards organ trade in Bangladesh as discussed in class What section of Bangladeshi society are prime donors Why a Highly stigmatized believed by the sellers that they are selling god s gif 9 Advertisements have been discussed in class presentations as a significant medium facilitating organ trade a Kidney buyers use coercion and print deceitful ads in newspapers i Promising things such as citizenship jobs 10 What are the two opposing views on the organ transplant debate a Rewarded gifing or paid organ donation program or the organ market verses b Against any form of payment for bodily organs it s a modern version of slavery 11 The idea of body inequality discussed in class insinuates to the fact that those who have money have the privilege of biomedical treatments such as receiving transplants while the poor suffer from not only inadequate access but also becomes the donors of organs who suffer in the process of donating organs suffer in health economics and socially 12 There are 5 main arguments Dr Moniruzzaman raises against legalizing the organ trade Please know all 5 a Exploitation of the poor i Organ trade is a profound exploitation of the poor The rich are beneficiaries and the poor are mere supplier of body parts to prolong the lives of the affluent few ii Such a system disproportionately strikes against the vulnerable b Violence against their bodies i Organs are extracted through deception fraud manipulation coercion and misinformed consent ii These are all forms of biomedical violence iii Recipient doctor tells the poor that they have a sleeping kidney and once their awake kidney gets donated they receive medicine to wake up the sleeping kidney c Suffering of kidney sellers i Economic situation worsened most sellers don t receive the money they get promised by the buyers majority ii Health condition deteriorated iii Social status declined d The objectification of human body i Body and property rights ii The existential ground of the body the damaged self bodily integrity and holism iii Violation of human rights and human dignity iv The post human body as a machine e Slippery slope and other negative outcomes i How far can we go Can we cut off a leg from a poor person and assume that one leg is sufficient for him ii Can we create a human body shop iii Such a system could be both inefficient and degrading 13 Andreas Vesalius was known to have provided a full description of the human anatomy by dissecting stolen corpses in the 16th Century 14 Organs are procured from the poor in places like Bangladesh and India according class lecture through what kinds of violent means a Deception fraud manipulation coercion and misinformed consent b sleeping kidney story 15 Richard Titmuss Commercialization of Blood in the US as opposed to UK where it is not commodified a Claimed American system is inefficient as it leads to i Chronic shortages ii Wasted blood iii Higher costs iv Greater risk of contaminated blood John Locke Individual owns body Immanuel Kant Body property of society religious entity 16 Louise Brown is the first human born from in vitro fertilization in 1978 The term in vitro literally means in glass a In the US alone over 17 000 reproductive activities are performed with donated eggs 17 Women produce two eggs in a normal ovulation cycle every month 18 Lupron is the hormone injected by women to stop their menstrual cycle in order to start ovulating 19 What are the four stages of surgery leading to removal of eggs What does the term Superovulation mean a Stop ovulation cycle self inject Lupron hormone injections b Superovulation releasing of multiple ofen dozens of eggs at one time c Release eggs from ovaries d Egg removal surgey minor surgical procedure i Eggs removed by suction with a catheter inserted vaginally 20 Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome OHSS is the condition that the body suffers from due to overproduction of eggs this is also an example of a short term risk associated with egg donation a Produces changes in the body that can lead to death b Result of hyperdrive of ovary 21 What are some of the issues associated with laparoscopic surgery in removing the eggs from ovaries Perforating the bladder Puncturing arteries in the ovary a Torsioned ovaries b Abdominal bleeding 22 What are some of the long and short term risks associated with egg donation a 23 What are the implications of egg donation