ANP 370 1st Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture I Moral Neutrality in Experimental Science Outline of Current Lecture II Chapter 1 of Transplant Imaginary Lecture Ch 1 The Reconfigured Body A moral domain of doctors patients and investors Driven by the futuristic desire to alleviate human suffering what if The promise of saving lives could be impossible yet the experiments forge ahead with constant failures Scientific Desire Xeno grafts and bioengineered devices currently dominate They are fertile grounds for testing various procedures in animals for more than a century Alexis Carrel and trans species grafting surgeries were attempted to sheep dogs and a range of primates as well as hemodialyzer ventilator VAD bypass machine were developed by using devices Sharp s arguments Moral thinking abounds transplant research It is marked by anxiety doubt and uncertainty Perhaps nowhere is this more prevalent than during highly experimental scientific research Xeno experts and bioengineers follow different paths These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Transplant imaginary is a terrain of scientific success but on the other hand it is also a field of ethical complexities The ethical use of human and animal subjects the boundaries of the natural body and the promissory qualities assigned to futuristic medical pursuits Ethical Turns Scientists regularly frame their work in moral terms a moral enterprise Human beings are all affected by moral dilemmas Unlike bioethical framework scientists themselves express different moral principles their ordinary ethics their imaginative dimensions of morality in the science making Moral Concerns The body integrated Hybrid lives Erasure of suffering Animal bio capital Body Logic In medical science the body is anatomically imagined composed solely of its interior parts Body itself is malleable and mutable so surgery is a naturalized form of medical tinkering In experimental realm of xeno grafting and bioengineering the body can be altered like parts in a machine Hybrid Lives In xeno transplant body tinkering is imagined like chimera a refashioning of patients bodies While in bioengineering it is a blended existence an implant and attempts to interface the body like a machine Technological Twinning involving either animal or machine Donna Haraway a longstanding tradition in biomedicine Human body is a hybridized one hooked up and jacked in a range of technologies However it poses moral dangers on multiple forms Raises significant questions about the boundaries of human body and body integrated Erasure of Suffering In medical experimentations bodies not people matter Individual bodies don t matter rather it is the categories of bodies Here people animals and parts are generic classless and gender free The erasure of discrete bodies and associated subjective experiences facilitate the erasure of patient suffering The scientific celebration vs hybrid lives no longer human the social moral sentiments of hybridity Animal bio capital Laboratory animals stand in as genetic proxies of human as a means to test risky procedures A single member of a species must stand in for all others of its kind These creatures define lucrative forms of animal capital the utilitarian values to certain species and the bio value of one species over others Promise versus Reality Hope plays a fundamental yet ambiguous role in contemporary medical technologies Within such technologies professional aspirations commercial ambitions and person desires all intertwine and reshape around a biosocial telos Politics of Hope Technologies are often blameless but others see them as inadequately innovative and we need radical but efficient interventions They don t reverse human suffering rather patient s subjective suffering vanishes and individual suffering renders invisible Radical body tinkering also exposes competing anxieties of body integrated Xeno Transplant A peculiar science Implanted parts range from cells grafts valves and organs Over a century ago no scientists used biological creatures like cats dogs mice rabbits primates and more recently pigs Nature Culture Nature wild creatures and their habitats that are exploited by humans Humans always depend on nature at its expenses Animals are representations of nature and deemed natural Xeno and Nature Lab animals a re they representatives of nature Are the attempts on hybridity sustainable and humanitarian Human Animal Proximity in Lab Respectful social distance is maintained Difference between domesticated stock and prized commodities Xeno Research Alexis Carrel awarded Nobel prize in 1912 for vascular surgery Research involved kidney transfers among sheep pigs goats dogs 60s mid 1990s chimps and baboons organs were implanted Mid 1990s present hybridized pigs dominate the field Barnard 1st heart transplant in south Africa Carrel attempted primate to human organ transfers Patients typically died within 2 days 2 notable exceptions o Woman survived 4 months with a baboon s heart o Patient lived for 9 months with a chimps kidney