GT LCC 3710 - Principles of Interaction Design

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LCC 3710Principles of Interaction DesignClass agenda:- Readings- UbiComp, Wearables- Group ActivityReadingsWeiser, Mark (1991). "The Computer for the 21st Century" inScientific American.Starner, Thad (2001). "The Challenges of Wearable Computing:Part 1" in IEEE Micro, July-August 2001.Ubiquitous ComputingYesterday's computers filled rooms …… So will tomorrow’sUbiquitous ComputingDefinitionsUbiquitous computing is the method of enhancingcomputer use by making many computers availablethroughout the physical environment, but making themeffectively invisible to the user. (Mark Weiser)Ubiquitous computing, or calm technology, is a paradigmshift where technology becomes virtually invisible in ourlives. (Marcia Riley)Some PrinciplesThe purpose of a computer is to help you dosomething else, so the best computer is a quietinvisible servantTechnology should remain calm:Can computing technology be as easy to use as literacytechnology?Difficulty does not stem from UI problemsThe idea of the personal computer is the problemVirtual Reality &Embodied RealityVirtual RealityImmerses us in simulatedworldUbiquitous ComputingInvisibly enhances real worldUbiComp TechnologiesComputational media everywhere — theenvironment becomes a computerTechnologyWall-sized displaysLaptops, palmtops, PDAsActive badges, smart watches, wearable computersComputers in doors, walls, garages, cars, refrigerators, ...Sensing contextWho? What? Where? When? Why?UbiComp ApplicationsApplicationsIntelligent and adaptive systemsHealth care, e.g. for seniorsTelephone forwardingSocial and community awarenessSocial issuesPrivacy and monitoring, securityImpacts of recordingSome Research ThemesTransparent interfacesAwareness of contextCapture experienceTransparent InterfacesHide their presence from user, provideinteraction between user and applicationNatural interactions… Gesture recognition, speechrecognition, free form pen interaction, computationalperception etc.Yet currently… keyboard and mouse are still the mostcommonly used interfacesUbiComp needs flexible interfaces, variedinterfaces that can provide similar functionalityContext AwarenessContext is information about the environmentwith which the application is associatedE.g. location and timeA context aware application can capture thecontext, assign meaning to it, and change itsbehavior accordinglyUbiComp needs applications that are contextaware and allow rapid personalization of theirservicesAutomated CaptureTo capture our day-to-day experience and makeit available for future use.Constraints:- Multiple streams of information- Their time synchronization- Their correlation and integrationUbiComp needs automated tools that supportcapture, integration and future access of info.Xerox PARC UbiCompComputing by the inch, foot and yardTabs – size of a pack of cardsPersonalized and carried with youPads – size of a piece of paperScrap computers, antidote to "windows"Boards – yard sizeLarge displays for groups of peopleVideos:Intro, pads, tabs, interaction, summary(http://nano.xerox.com/hypertext/weiser/UbiMovies.html)Today: PDA,tablet PC,smart boardTechnology ResearchHardware technologiesProcessors, memories(Wireless) networkingSensors, actuatorsPowerPacking and integrationPotentially: entirely new technologies (optoelectronics, biomaterials)Software technologiesOperating environmentsNetworkingMiddlewarePlatform technologiesUser interfacesExample 1VTT SoapboxDeveloped at VTT Electronics, FinlandBasic board:Bidirectional, single channel 868 MHz short range radioMicrocontrollerReal-time clockCalendar circuitSensor board:3-axis acceleration sensorsElectronic compassLight sensorOptical IR-based proximity detectorExample 2Smart BadgeDeveloped by HP Labs / Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)HardwareIntel SA1110 processor and SA1111 coprocessorAudio CODECIR moduleAccelerometerTemperatureHumidityLighthttp://www.it.kth.se/~maguire/badge4.htmlExample 3Berkeley Smart Dust: COTS DustDesigned for testing communication andsensing capabilities of large numbers ofnodesDevices that incorporate communications,processing, sensors, and batteries into apackage about a cubic inch in sizePotential applications include firedetectors, espionage, earthquakemonitoring, people trackingweCRF 916.5 MHz OOK10kbps 20 meter rangeSensors: light, temperatureMini MoteRF 916.5MHz OOK10kbps 20 meter rangeSensors: temperaturehttp://www-bsac.eecs.berkeley.edu/archive/users/hollar-seth/macro_motes/macromotes.htmlExample 4RFID TagsA remotely readable tag thatreplies an incoming RF signalwith some dataRFID has been around for some10 years, but high tag priceshave limited its useExample 5FOLED (Universal Display Corp)Organic light emitting devices thatare built on flexible substrates suchas plastic or metallic foil (~ 1 mmthick)Applications are emerging (e.g.curved or flexible displays)Video ClipExample 6Standalone Smart SensorsNo external power supply,energy from the actuationprocessPiezoelectric and pyroelectricmaterials transform changes inpressure or temperature intoenergyRF signal is transmitted via anantenna (20 m distance)Wearable ComputingPortability and MobilityPortability refers to how easy it is for you tocarry around your technologyMobility encompasses what you have the abilityto do with your technology while carrying itaroundWearable ComputersSmall portable computersdesigned to be worn on thebody during useMediate non-computer activitieswithout interfering with the user'severyday tasksGenerally integrated into theuser's clothing or attached to thebody, e.g. wristbandMay be integrated into everydayobjects worn on the body, e.g.wrist watch or hands-free cellphoneDiffer from PDAs, which aredesigned for hand-held usePortable while operationalHands-freeSensorsAttention-gettingAlways-onInput/OutputInput"keyers" (e.g. Twiddler) and trackballsGesture, speech recognition, contextawareness sensorsOutputDisplays, lights, sound, haptic interfacesMediated reality (augmented, diminished,or otherwise modified reality) systemscan also be considered wearablecomputers.Applications & UsesPersonal/Recreational UseEmail/text/video messaging, note takingAudio/video entertainmentProfessional UseConstant contact with advisors/secretariesCommuting/working on the moveDesktop applicationsMilitary applicationsDisability aidsNavigation, obstacle recognitionFace recognition, vision enhancementResearch QuestionsThe image of humans interacting with awearable computer has been found allover science fictionIs it practical?Many


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