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UB UGC 112 - The Masses, 4

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UGC 112 1st Edition Lecture 19 Outline of Current Lecture I. Major Adjustments after WWIa. Three Consequences (“Three Ms”)II. Responses in Russiaa. Right Wing Dictatorshipsb. Military Adventurismc. Popular SupportIII. Revolution from Abovea. Impact in Latin America b. Stirrings in AfricaCurrent LectureThe Masses, 4Major Adjustments after WWI “Dingues day”World War I brought unprecedented destructionComparable? Genghis khan, destruction of great Muslim library, devastation in parts of china, WWI had THREE Ms: Three consequences1. Huge impact in terms of Man-powera. There were millions of casualties2. Huge cost in Materiel (military equipment, not to be confused with material)3. Impact on Morale a. After WWI, extraordinary disillusionment that there would be perpetual progress, b. Loss of moralec. Willingness to experiment (arts, political forms)d. Democracy—experimentation Check out the movie “All quiet on the western front” These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Gendobra—Polish 5 Main Points for Today- Self-determination for whom?Definition question on quiz or finalo For state? Empire?- Fragmentation of empireso WWI led to this—the Ottoman Empire, Austro-Hung, Russian, German empires were all o Britain, France and _____- Global Impacto WWI needs to be understood in order to understand WWIIo Think of second thirty years war Fought over religion, Germany was at the heart of both the first and second Thirty Year’s War- Post-war Exuberance and Lassitude Radical experimentation Lassitude—tired - Revenge loses? The losers in WWI wanted to reacquire the glory that they had lost. This is of fundamental importanceMap of June 1914BelgiumWWI begins and the borders of Germany expandDozien DobryJenn DO-breh—PolishThe Germans had attacked RussiaDanzigGdansk—ancient port, so called “Free zone” between the wars. Surrounded by polish but inhabited by GermansResponses in RussiaPost SSSRGrondo, Vladimir Lenin. His father was as service nobleman, superintendent of schools in Siberia. St. George is patron saint of England, Ethiopia,LIST OF COUNTRIES WITH St. George as patron- Marxist BeliefsBase of his ideas—dialectical materialism, property owners, - Soviet Uniono Formed in 1922, right after the war. This is important to note. It was a reconstitution of the old Russian Empireo Areas like Ukraine, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, (last three all in caucuses) o October Revolution—1917 by the old Julian calendar Calendar in use until Pope Gregory was eleven years off. There was a big shift in dateso 1917—Russian army was defeated. Trotsky—“soldiers voted with their feet” Mass desertion Wanted to get back home to their families Officers didn’t have control, they were lousy officers March 1917—the February revolution, there was an uprising that installed a democratic government There were two revolutions, not one. First was attempt to bring democracy to a civilization that had only flirted with it. This failed, no democracy amongst war Provisional government  By October, the communist party was organized. IT had Soviets-this means council. These councils were established in the cities, Moscow and St. Petersburg Mutineers from the military- Coup de tat - Right-Wing Dictatorships- In Italy it was called Fascism (Nazism was its comparable entity)- Species of fascism in Japan - Rapidly rising power- Ultra nationalism- Military adventurism—this was essentially by Germany- Treaty of Versailles—ended WWI - Rhine land was heart of German industry- Hitler reoccupied it and marched troops into it. He started up the arms industry again which had been banned- Popular Support Hitler was incredibly popular, not until the Battle of Stalingrad was there a change in popular support. FASCISM sought popular support. Popular support meant that people like Lenin, Hitler, had central control1905-1910 Korea taken over, annexed. Sphere of Influence, 1932 taking over of Manchuria.Japan is dependent on imports and thus must have a strong navy and militaryGandhi and Nehru Sharing a Light Moment—their cooperation together helped to drive the British outGandhi—British utopian thinkers were strong advocates of non-violence. He lived in sOuth Africafor at least 15 years and became successful Died in 1948, assassinated Nehru—went to one of the most prestigious universities in the world—Cambridge. Studies PPE, politics, philosophy and economics.He knew Britain and took from it ideas of democracy. Leadership from the Top By contrast, Gandhi believed in worming from below. Swadeshi movementsFabian Socialism—Soviet Union—central economic planet Map:Turkey Dismembered?Revolution From Above- A War Hero—the only successful general the empire had in WWI. He beat the British, Winston Churchill- Nationalist ResistanceHe organized resistance in the country. Something - He undertook Dramatic Reformso 36 hours, 6 days of a speech he gave1. Everyone had to have a surname or a family name2. Sultan is supreme political authority of Ottoman empire3. Eliminated Caliphate, the supreme leader in Islam4. Changed the law, instead of Islamic law, he brought in the Swiss middle code. No sharia law. Nice civilized Swiss5. European legal code…japan was a comparable thing6. He changed the system of writing. Turkish went to using Roman letters. Persian words/script—have truly indigenous words7. Polygamy was bad a. Don’t wear the fez anymore8. VOTES for women“Atatürk”—means Father of the TurksImpact in Latin AmericaCrisis of the old republicOctober 1929—great depression is going on. One of the five most important financial crises the world has ever seenWhy most affected? Worst performer was ArgentinaAssociationRepublics practical, fragmatic, Kenya—land high and fertile, South Africa, Zimbabwe… these countries had a different status. Stirrings in AfricaContrasting colonial policiesFrench assimilation and/or associationBritish pragmatism (limited)Belgian


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