UGC 112 1st Edition Lecture 18 Outline of Current Lecture I. After-effects of the ‘Great War’a. Main Pointsb. Relevance for TodayII. World War Ia. ConsequencesIII. Mass MobilizationIV. Stem TimelineCurrent LectureAfter-Effects of the ‘Great War’- Destroyed European claims to civilized superiority and showed how much states truly depended on their people- The war stretched to all corners of the globe and led to colonized people and Europeans revolting- Habsburg and Ottoman Empires fragmented into smaller states as the Prussian Empire turned into a republic- The Versailles Peace Conference put the blame for the war on Germany and called for heavy reparations. - US President Woodrow Wilson hoped to create a world order that would bring about peace and self-determination for everyone- Women now wanted more jobs outside the home and in the political and social realm- For many people, the Great War crushed their dream of having technological progress, free markets and government by the educated few. o Socialism began to spread at the same time as revolution threatening colonial empireso Others lost faith in liberalism and sought authoritarian solutionsMAIN POINTSEarlier points: These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.• Defeat in war à revolution?• Conflict à human rights/democracy etc.?• Costs of war vs. benefits? Relevance for today• Consequences of civil war• External factors/domestic conflict• Similar or unique causes? Greeting: Su Prahbhaat(Pronounced: Soo PRAB-hat)Gujarati - IndiaWorld War I- The causes of this war were mainly rivalries and balance-of-power shifts- The trigger of this war was the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria- Spanned from Europe to Turkey to Africa- Forced liberal regimes to reconsider mass society and discover remedies to economic issues.--Organization and technology joined--WWI destroyed empires--‘Fractious new nation-states’ created (Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia)--American becomes a world powerConsequences: Soviet communism, rise of Hitler, WWII and the Holocaust- In 1917, the Bolsheviks began immediately shoring their power up to defend themselves form White Russian enemies and multinational groups- After Lenin came Stalin and with him, socialism (he saw it as anticapitalism). Giant collective farms were organized and peasants were not pleased and thus protested.- Terror wound up being the norm across all levels of Soviet society- The Nazis combined anti-Semitism and anticapitalism along with disavowal of the Versailles Agreement. - Hitler was placed in jail, wrote Mein Kampf and the Nazis eventually brought himinto power as chancellor. He asserted the ideas of a pure race in Germany with the goal of ridding the country of Jews. Mass Mobilization- Authoritarian Regimes shared common features. They rejected parliamentary rule and they promoted state involvement in controlling the economy. - Mass organizations were employed and rallied the youth- Women were put into traditional roles outside of the public realm. - Terror was rampant among foreigners, subjects and citizens13 million German troops, 15 million Russian troops (Russia and France had treaty)StandstillCollapse of GermanyNo German territory was taken over in the WestMapPost-war responses- Changes in India- Turkey dismembered- Revolution from aboveStirrings in Africa People were becoming disillusioned with European colonialism and harbored notions of self-determination and freedomMillions of colonial subjects were drafted from India and Africa by Britain and France.Impact in Latin America - States employed elements from both democracy and authoritarianism to solve their problems. The Depression called for states to intervene within Latin American economies- Elites and mass organizations united to help maintain elite positions by building support through popular policies and paternal concern for the massesStem Timeline:1924—Mustafa Kemal leads Turkey to nationhood1928—Muslim Brotherhood established1929-1935—Collectivization in Russia1930—Gandhi’s March to the Sea1933—Hitler becomes dictator of Germany1933-1941—American “New Deal”1936-1938—Great Purge in the Soviet Union1936-1939—Popular Front rules
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