1nd Edition OM 300 Lecture 30 Outline of Last Lecture I Elements of Optimization II Feasibility III Excel Solver Outline of Current Lecture I Predetermined Time Standards II Work Sampling III Ethics Current Lecture Predetermined Time Standards Divide manual work into small basic elements that have established times Can be done in a laboratory away from the actual production operation Can be set before the work is actually performed No performance ratings are necessary Work Sampling Estimates percent of time a worker spends on various tasks Requires random observations to record worker activity Determines how employees allocate their time Can be used to set staffing levels reassign duties estimate costs and set delay allowances 1 Take a preliminary sample to obtain estimates of parameter values 2 Compute the sample size required 3 Prepare a schedule for random observations at appropriate times 4 Observe and record worker activities 5 Determine how workers spend their time Advantages of work sampling o Less expensive than time study o Observers need little training o Studies can be delayed or interrupted with little impact on results o Worker has little chance to affect results o Less intrusive Disadvantages of work sampling o Does not divide work elements as completely as time study These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute o Can yield biased results if observer does not follow random pattern o Less accurate especially when job element times are short Ethics Fairness equity and ethics are important constraints of job design Important issues may relate to equal opportunity equal pay for equal work and safe working conditions Helpful to work with government agencies trade unions insurers and employees
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