Nonverbal Communication (The Silent Language): Messages of Action, Space, Time and SilenceNonverbal CommunicationSlide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Nonverbal Communication ExerciseNonverbal Communication (The Silent Language): Messages of Action, Space, Time and SilenceNonverbal Communication• Usually responsible for first impressions• Doesn’t lie (a clenched jaw shows you’re angry or stammering speech shows that you’re nervous)• Is culture boundNonverbal CommunicationTwo General Classifications1. Those primarily produced by the body (appearance, movement, facial expression, eye contact, touch, smell, and paralanguage)•2. Those combined with setting (space, time and silence)Nonverbal CommunicationThere is a story about the presidential debate of Nixon and Kennedy in 1960 where people listening via radio awarded the victory to Nixon while those watching the debate on television awarded the victory to Kennedy.This was explained by the fact that though President Nixon had very persuasive words during the debate, he was tense, sweating and seemed quite uncomfortable. On the other hand, President Kennedy was relaxed and able to convey a positive and convincing body language during the debate. Since that incident, researchers have demonstrated that a message is perceived in 3 different ways:Nonverbal CommunicationBody Language (kinesics)Kinesics are the physical cues that are visible and send a message about 1) your attitude toward the other person, 2) your emotional state, 3) your relationship with the environmentKinesics includes body posture, body motion, gestures, facial expressions, eye contact.Nonverbal CommunicationEye ContactIn American culture, we reveal whom we like and dislike just by the amount that we look at them. We generally look most at those whom we like . In general, people avoid looking at someone they don’t like. As people increase their liking for one another, they increase the amount of mutual gazing that they do. (Mutual gaze is when two people are looking into each other's eyes). The most obvious example of this occurs along the continuum of relationships. Romantic relationships have the highest amount of mutual gaze.What about other cultures?.Nonverbal CommunicationSense of Touch (haptics)Who can touch whom, where, when and howNonverbal CommunicationPhysical Appearance:Body artifacts (clothing, piercings, tattoos) and attractivenessNonverbal CommunicationEnvironmental FactorsElements of setting that affect how we feel and act (color, temperature, lighting, room design)Nonverbal CommunicationSpace and Distance (proxemics)•Personal space (intimate, personal, social and public•Seating•Furniture arrangingNonverbal CommunicationTime (chronemics)•Informal time (how late is “late”?)•Perceptions of past, present and future•Monochronic (fixed) and polychronic (holistic time) (Edward T. Hall)Nonverbal CommunicationParalanguage:Paralanguage are the sounds that don’t have written form that modify meaning or convey emotion.Includes: rate, sounds, murmurs, gasps, volume, pitch, inflection, laughing, high speedNonverbal CommunicationSilence : East vs. West“What is real is, and when it is spoken it becomes unreal.” (Buddhism)“The squeaky wheel gets the grease.” (American saying)Nonverbal CommunicationArtifactsElements of the environment that communicate by virtue of people’s use of them.Nonverbal Communication ExerciseSplit into small “culture” groups and discuss one of the elements of nonverbal