BIOL 1050 Lecture 28 Outline of Last LectureI. Population EcologyII. Human Population Growth Outline of Current LectureI. Frog deformity case studyII. Community Ecology Current LectureI. Frog deformity case studya. Frog deformities have increased b. Resultsi. Could be caused by many or a combination of things1. UV radiation2. Chemical pollutants3. Trematode parasites4. Combination of mechanisms II. Community Ecologya. A community is a group of species living close enough together for potential interactions b. Nichesi. Ways an organism uses the environment 1. Their complete way of livinga. The space required type/amount of food/timing of reproduction/temp/h20 needs, influence on competitors, etc.2. Species can compete with other species for parts of a niche 3. Two organisms cannot share the same nicheii. Fundamental niche1. Full range of environments in which they can liveiii. Realized niche1. Where and how they are actually living c. Interactions in communitiesi. Overlap of fundamental niches leads to competition, with 2 possible outcomesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Competitive exclusiona. One species will live (whoever more efficiently utilizes the resources) and the other will die2. Resource partitioninga. Dividing the resources, altering niche d. Competition and character displacementi. Natural selection reduces competition between 2 species by producing an evolutionary divergence in 1 or both speciesii. Resource partitioning occurs due to character displacement when evolutionfavors species to develop different traitse. Predationi. Both predators and prey have adaptations that increase their successfulnessii. Physical defenses for reducing predation1. Mechanical defenses2. Chemical defenses3. Warning coloration4. Camouflage iii. Behavioral defenses that reduce predation 1. Hiding or escaping2. Fighting back iv. Predators such as the angler fish have evolved luminous structures that trick prey into coming right to the predator, where they are
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