HIST 106 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture The Plight of the Farmers 19th c Farmers Worldview Growth of Sharecropping and Tenant Farming Problems in the Agricultural System Crop lien System One Crop Agriculture Problems for Agriculture in an Industrial Society Railroads Taxation System Agricultural Trusts Deflation The Currency Problem Building a Movement The Grange The Farmers Alliance Ocala Meeting Demands The Populist Party The Omaha Platform The Election of 1896 William McKinley vs William Jennings Bryan Outline of Current Lecture The Rise of Jim Crow From de facto segregation to de jure segregation Wilmington Race Riot of 1898 Disfranchisement laws Whitening the West Dawes Act and attempted assimilation of Indians Chinese Exclusion Act Nativism and New Immigrants Shift from old immigrants to new immigrants Nativism restriction discrimination assimilation Current Lecture 1 The Rise of Jim Crow a Segregation had to be imposed on the south i It was a new idea ii Had to be invented iii Did not exist before Reconstruction and took 30 years after to enact b c d e f 1 Took 40 years after to establish completely iv States rewrote constitutions with segregation 1 Cities and towns wrote laws dealing with segregation v Everything schools churches transportation restaurants were segregated Started with the populist from last week s lecture i Party threatened to steal votes from the democrats ii White democrats come up with plan to win back North Carolina 1 Used some strategies used by White Redeemers during reconstruction terror 2 Said a vote for the populist party mixed party of blacks and whites was a vote for black rule iii Racist propaganda from democrats call on white men to redeem states from black rule 1 Focused on dehumanizing blacks 2 Democrats make up stories in newspapers about black men not wanting political power but white women a Said they were raping white women b Said if the populist or republican party supporters did not support the democratic party they weren t protecting their wives and daughters and weren t being real white men i Public calls for black lynching Jim Crow Laws segregated blacks i Blacks were challenging the constitutionality of these laws ii Thought the courts would never approve them From de facto segregation to de jure segregation i De facto By custom 1 North already had 2 Bad feelings towards blacks caused this ii De Jure By law Wilmington Race Riot of 1898 i Democratic party wins election ii Nov 10 2000 whites march onto hall where Black newspaper was ran from and kill the editor Alexander Manly who had answered democratic newspaper ad that called for the lynching of black men and said that whites were sowing their own seeds for harvest iii Continue down street and open fire onto blacks targeting middle class 1 All victims were black iv Mob ran by Democratic Alfred Waddel who appoints himself as governor of the city v Race riots become another tactic to instill fear into blacks and gain white support Lynching becomes means to intimidate blacks i By 1890s became a spectacle 1 Political message 2 Enforced white supremacy ii Became events for public to come and watch iii Pictures were taken and sent in forms of post cards iv Were not just hanging complete torture and mutilation of person v Justified by protecting white women vi Over 100 lynching s per year g Disfranchisement laws i Mississippi passes first all southern states soon follow ii Takes away black men s right to vote iii Involved Poll Taxes Literacy Tests Understanding Clause Grandfather Clause 1 Many only applied to blacks 2 Came at discretion of person running poll so whites would get easier tests iv Poll Tax Kept most poor blacks and whites from voting 1 Cumulative so if you couldn t pay one year it was added the next year v Grandfather clause Said if you couldn t pass tests or pay tax as long as you father or grandfather had voted before 1868 you could 1 Kept all blacks out while still allowing poor white southerners vi Made all white primary 1 These were the only votes that counted so blacks vote didn t count anyway h Plessy V Ferguson 1896 i Plessy 1 8 black ii Sat in all white compartment of train iii Conductor asks to move he wont iv Took it to supreme court 1 Ruled segregation was okay as long as separate facilities were separate but equal i Williams v Mississippi 1898 i Upholds disfranchisement laws and adopted into Mississippi constitution 2 Whitening the West a Allotment new policy designed to encourage Indian assimilation through farming and ownership of private property b Dawes Act 1887 AKA Dawes Severalty Act General Allotment Act i Handed out land to individual Indians as private property ii Emphasized severalty treating native Americans as individuals vs tribes iii Tried to break up tribes iv Promoted assimilation 1 Wanted them to dress act and talk like European settlers v As soon as they broke ties with tribes they got 160 acres and became US citizens automatically vi To protect Indians from settlers the government held most of the allotted land in a trust so the Indians couldn t sell it for 25 years 1 Trust far exceeded what was needed 2 Government could sell excess land c Attempted assimilation of Indians i Medicine men put in jail ii Ceremonies and dances outlawed iii Old tribal story telling prohibited iv Policy makers said that for Indians to really be assimilated kids would have to be taken from tribal life and put into separate boarding schools 1 Eventually made a law 2 Kill the Indian in him and save the man Richard Pratt founder of boarding schools 3 Children were not allowed to speak their native language have traditional names were given white names believe old tribal religion were made into devout Christians or have traditional hair styles long was cut short d Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 i Provided absolute 10 year ban on Chinese laborers immigration 1 Said skilled and unskilled laborers were included 2 Non laborers entering country had to get special permission ii New requirements on Chinese already in country 1 If they left they had to get certification 2 Congress refused state and federal court the right to grant Chinese citizenship yet they could deport them iii First ban on immigration in the US iv Made permanent in 1902 1 Suspended Chinese immigration for 60 years 2 Made it impossible for Chinese to gain citizenship for decades 3 Made them permanent aliens v Was not appealed until WW2 when we needed china s help 3 Nativism and New Immigrants