PlantsThe closest relatives of plants are the charophytes . What traits do they share with land plants but not other algae?Rosette shaped cellulose synthesizing complexes, peroxisome enzymes, similar flagellated sperm, and the formation of a phragmoplast (microtubules that form between the daughternuclei of a dividing cellHow is terrestrial life beneficial to plants?More available CO2, unfiltered sunlight, initially few herbivoresCharophytes have a layer of sporpollenin that prevents the zygote from drying out. True/FalseKingdom Plantae is often described as land plants that grow from a dependent embryo or a(an) embryophyte . These obtain their nutrients from the maternal tissue through the placental transfer cells .Sporophytes have organs called sporangia that produce the spores through meiosis. The gametophyte generation is represented by the gametangia , which can be divided into the archegonia (female) and the antheridia (male). These produce the gametes.The cuticle is a covering that allows wet plants to dry out. True/FalseName the four main groups of plants.Bryophytes, seedless-vascular plants, gymnosperms, angiospermsMosses, liverworts, and hornworts are collectively known as bryophytes .Seedless vascular plants are divided into two groups. Name them and which one is more closely related to seed plants?Lycophytes and Pterophytes (closer to seed plants)Gymnosperms and angiosperms both produce flowers. True/FalseDescribe protonema, rhizoids, capsule, and stomata.Protonema- thin, green filaments used for water and mineral absorptionRhizoids- anchor, not vascular tissue, not used for absorptionCapsule- the sporangium of bryophyteStomata- pores that allow for gas exchangeIs the gametophyte or the sporophyte dominant in: bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms? Bryophyte-gametophyte, Everything else- sporophyteThere are two types of vascular tissue in plants. Xylem is the dead tissue used to carry water and minerals throughout the plant. This tissue is strengthened by the polymer lignin . The organic products made by the plant is transported by the phloem .What are sporophylls? What are sori? Sporophyll- leaves that bear sporangiaSori- cluster of sporangia produced by the sporophyllHeterosporous species produce two types of sporangia. True/FalseHow are coal forests significant? In the past, they removed vast amounts of CO2. In the present, their remains are what make up coal, so they contribute to global warming through the burning of coal.A plant embryo surrounded by its food supply and a protective coat is known as a seed .How is a reduced gametophyte beneficial?They are protected from environmental stresses, and they obtain nutrients from the sporophyte.Female gametophytes are formed from megaspores which are made by megasporangia . Male gametophyets are formed by microspores which are made by microsporangia . The epidermis protects the megasporangium. True/FalseWhere is the female gametophyte in seed plants? The male gametophyte? Female- ovule, Male pollen grainThe megasporangium, megaspore, and integument makes the ovule .What are the Gymnosperm phyla? Cycadophyta, Gingkophyta, Gnetophyta, Coniferophyta Conifers are cone producing gymnosperms.Ovulate cones produce microsporangia. True/FalseName and describe the male and female parts of a flower.Sepals- enclose and protect immature flower, petals- bright colored to attract pollinators, anther- pollen production, filament- supports anther, stigma- receives pollen, style- leads to ovary from stigma, ovary- contains ovules Stamen (anther and filament) is male. Carpel (stigma, style, ovary) is female.A fruit is a developed ovule. True/FalseThe endosperm is formed by double fertilization and it is (haploid/diploid/triploid).Name and describe the two main groups of angiosperms.Monocot- one cotyledon, parallel veins, scattered vascular tissue, fibrous roots, one pollen grain opening, flower parts in 3’sEudicot- 2 cotyledons, netted veins, arranged vascular tissue, taproot, 3 pollen grain openings, floral parts in 4’s or
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