ANSC 303 1st Edition Lecture 29 Outline of Last Lecture I. Water Soluble Vitamins Continued A. Vitamin B12B. Folic AcidC. CholineD. BiotinII. Units of Measurement III. Minerals A. FunctionsB. ClassificationC. Calcium D. Phosphorus E. MagnesiumOutline of Current LectureI. Muscle Function II. Grass TetanyIII. Electrolytes IV. Macro Mineral Supplementation Current LectureMinerals Continued - Muscle Function o Magnesium is required for energy releasing enzyme activity in skeletal muscle ATP needed for detachment and Calcium uptake o Calcium links excitation and contraction If there isn’t enough ATP to return Calcium to storage, tetany is caused - Grass Tetany o Is a problem for grazing cattle in periods of lush growth because high potassium (K) and protein in fresh grasses may be antagonistic with Magnesium (Mg)o Hypomagnesium results in tetany because ATP is not efficiently utilized for detachment and Calcium uptake o This can be prevented with supplemental Magnesium to grazing animals - Electrolytes o Includes sodium (Na), Potassium (K) and Chloride (Cl)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Functions Acid Base balance Osmotic Pressure balance o 90% K intracellular and 10% Nao Cl is the main extracellular aniono Deficiency Potassium: abnormal heart function, decreased growth, and muscle weakness Sodium: decreased growth and body weight Chloride: decreases growtho Blood Concentrations highly regulated Excess intake causes increased excretion (there’s more in the body than what is needed so the body gets rid of the extra electrolytes) Can be toxic, although it is unlikely if water is available to the animalo NaCl is added to increase palatability (it is tasty but if there is too much palatability decreases) o Electrolytes solutions Treat and prevent dehydration Are species specific And are available in various forms- Macro Mineral Supplementation for Livestock o Calcium is commonly supplemented in a diet by inorganic limestone which is pretty inexpensiveo Phosphorus is also commonly supplemented in the diet but by dicalcium phosphate. Dicalcium phosphate also supplements calcium but since we want to maintain the 2:1 Calcium to phosphorus ratio, we will supplement to meet the needs of phosphorus first and then supplement limestone to meet the rest of thecalcium needs without providing too much phosphorus in the diet.o Magnesium and Potassium are almost never supplemented in the dieto Sodium and Chloride are commonly supplemented in the diet as salt, both are relatively
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