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UA MGMT 202 - Can Ethics Be Taught?
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MGMT 202 1st Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture I. Wall Street Journal article discussionII. Why Do Ethical Disasters Happen?Outline of Current Lecture I. Can Ethics Be Taught? Part 1A. SocratesB. Lawrence KohlbergC. Kohlberg’s Levels and Stages of Moral DevelopmentCurrent LectureCan Ethics Be Taught?Socrates – started a debate among Athenians. Socrates believed ethics=knowing what to do; Socrates believed ethics, therefore, can be taught. Lawrence Kohlberg’s Theory – Kohlberg was a professor at Harvard in 1970’s, focused on children’s psychology first, then moral development. Believed humans were born as “empty vessels” – not honest/dishonest, ethical/unethical, etc, just a blank slate. Kohlberg believed everyone learned these foundations from their families, primarily parents. Kohlberg believed that oral development had several stages/levels, like philosophical and psychological development. Kohlberg conducted a 3-decade intensive study that included all kinds of diverse groups.Level 1: Pre-Conventional – example, Kindergarteners Stage 1: Punishment Orientation – obey authority solely because of fear of negative consequencesStage 2: Needs Orientation – like shoppers, looking for something that’s best for ME for the least cost; selfish mentality, not fairness; obeys authority first but then tries to best satisfy themself; learns to weigh costs and benefits to find the better option for themselfLevel 2: Conventional – usually adolescents’ way of thinkingStage 3: Conformity Orientation – based on norms in society; gauge people’s reactions to see what is popular; follow what others do; punishment is being publicly shamed and embarrassedStage 4: Law Orientation – very focused on legal rules; things are black and white, either right orwrong, depending on the law; fear linked with understanding (know what the police’s purposes are and what they represent); understand that they want and need the law, implications of what would happen without it or if everyone broke it; punishment is going to jail; don’t understand or comprehend why there are different laws in other countries Level 3: Post-Conventional – distributive justiceStage 5: Social Contract Orientation – decisions based on individual rights; passionate about Constitution and Bill of Rights; understands and respects that other countries have different laws but believe that ours are best; tend to be prideful and even self-righteousStage 6: Universal Orientation – 25% of society or less will ever achieve it; mindset is that we’re all humans with equal rights; human rights are stressed rather than individual rights; is not centered around a particular country/culture; considers rehabilitation and the effects of punishment on all of society; examples: Ghandi, Martin Luther KingTry to rank yourself and others you know on these stages. Not “what I think I would do,” but “what do people really do?”How do you move up through these stages? Time, experience, when rationalizing a decision doesn’t satisfy you anymore. Can’t suddenly skip


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UA MGMT 202 - Can Ethics Be Taught?

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