Biological Diversity All life Called unity life shares a Common ancestor which explains the unity of Topic biological diversity Fungi and microorganisms Components biodiversity has 3 main Components bio diversity refers to all animals plants 1 Genetic diversity genetic variation within a population of single species population groups of indivusals same species and area interbreed producing fertile offspring 2 Species diversity is the amount of variety within a region or habitat Species diversity is the most well known unit in monitoring biodiversity 3 Ecosystem diversity diversity of habitats along with specific interactions which happen within them Benefits of Biodiversity biodiversity supports healthy ecosystems in turn providing ecosystem services 7 provisioning services environment including raw materials things people obtain from the food medicine and water 2 Regulating service from materials Climate regulation benefils that people get aside water and air purification ect 3 Supporting services ecosystem services which help Sustain life biosphere viability 4 cultural services nonmaterial benefits Spiritual mental vibe astethic from nature Threats to biodiversity 2 types of Species Loss i Extinction complete death of a species globally Extirpation Extinction within an area addressed by conservation and reintroduction methods 1 Extant Species which are alive and non extinct which are sometimes solved Endangered high chance of extinction threatened high chance of becoming threatened wo preventive methods Another threat to biodiversity typically comes from humans 1 Habitat loss agricultural expansion wildfire spikes and wildfires in general in almost all cases where there is habitat loss and Fragmentation breaking the there is a drop in biodiversity 2 Invasive species habitat into smaller species non native to regions being introduced parts and ect by accident or not Invasive species harm ecosystems may in some cases fast population growth cuz no natural preds extirpation Aquatic ecosystems are particularly affected self explanatory with species with low reproductivity happening to have 3 overexploitation more vulnerability 4 Climate change Quiz No 1 Keywords Species richness number of species present in an area Taxonomic phylogenetic diversity genetic relationship with different groups of species in the same area a Scientific method and reasoning scientific process is flexible and interpretive Observation data collection questions Inductive reasoning making generalizations via observations to make a hypothesis AKA educated guesses with extra steps Deductive reasoning generate specific predictions which can be tested within the bounds of an experiment which rarely follows a leading to mechanistic or evolutionary linear pattern overtime these hypothesis will go through many layers of testing to eventually become scientific theory 1 observation Quantitive and Qualitative data 2 Question 33 hypothesis 4 prediction 5 Experiment 66 Conclusion numerical values with recorded measurements descriptive and Observational data which is confirmed through many observations and experiments are regarded as fact Observation Question Observation collecting data naturally leads to questions being asked with repeated observations leading to inductive reasoning makes generalization hypothesis biologists use repeated observations and inductive reasoning to make generalizations Questions observations Hypothetical explanation inductive reasoning Chypothesis hypothesis Prediction deductive reasoning is used to make Specific predictions which can be tested experimented upon hypothesis deductive reasoning predictions specific design a controlled study prediction Experiment hypothesis spiders blend in and hide from predators camo helps 1 Experiment Group deductive reasoni in order to make a prediction Changeable parts of the experiments tested upon Spiders on flowers 2 Control Group experriment ing when non camo spiders will die to predators more often hypothesis can never be true it can only be supported or falsified Experiment and Conclusion design alid Conduct experiment that be replicated Than analyze data to can draw conclusions hypothesis can only be made when there s enough cause to have one experimentation with hypothesis can give way to new observations outcomes even new hypothesis Carsation Correlation Taxonomy taxonomy is basically scientific focus on naming and classification Nomenclature The system of rules for naming things linnaeanSystemof nomenclature Swedish botanist Carl naming Linnaeus uses latin as a universal language for scientific Hierarchical Classification placing animals into groups ranks based of Similar features structures and functions Where the two part name s are called binomial nomenclature B specific epithets can only be used once in a genus but can appear in another genus also called genera binomial nomenclature s two parts are Genus and Specific epithet Genus name Ex Homo Specific epithet post name Ex Sapiens entire genus name is Capitalized and italicized while epithet is only italicized and in lowercase EX Homosapiens Broad to Narrow number of organisms attached to each faxa taxon decreases moving down aswell Hierarchical Classification only refers to share Similarities and differences not evolutionary links or shared ancestry most modern hierarchical classifications are based on DNA sequences compared on three main levels Domain Bacteria J prokaryotes single celled Domain Archea 2 Domain Eukarya things like bacteria and archea Eukaryotes includes many groups of single celled organisms protists organisms plantae fungi and Animalia and 3 kingdoms of multicellular Systematics and phylogeny a phylogenetic free is used to M classifying organisms according to their evelotionary lineages history this is called phylogeny a phylogenetic tree organize diversity sharing evo history Align classification evo relationships visualize evolution Speciation adaptive Guide research integrate biology predict traits in poorly studied extinct radiation animals Data used to Infer phylogenies 1 morphological data physical characteristics Shape size anatomy applicable to both Extant and Extinct 2 Molecular data Molecular systematics DNA RNA structures used to determine phylogenies living but not dead ones applied to all and protein A phylogenetic tree is a hypothesis about the evolutionary relationships between groups of organisms Group set of organisms Taxa or Taxon Branch point