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PowerPoint PresentationSlide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30BRIDGE DESIGNBRIDGE DESIGNBYBYSAIF HAROONSAIF HAROONPost-Doctoral Research AssociatePost-Doctoral Research AssociateDepartment of Civil & Environmental EngineeringDepartment of Civil & Environmental EngineeringFAMU-FSU College of EngineeringFAMU-FSU College of EngineeringFUNCTION OF A BRIDGEFUNCTION OF A BRIDGETo connect two To connect two communities which are communities which are separated by streams, separated by streams, valley, railroads, etc.valley, railroads, etc.• Replaces a slow ferry Replaces a slow ferry boat tripboat trip• Connects two continentConnects two continent• Built in 1973Built in 1973• Total length is 5000 ftTotal length is 5000 ftBosporus Straits Bridge Bosporus Straits Bridge at Istanbul, Turkey –at Istanbul, Turkey –COMPONENTS OF A BRIDGECOMPONENTS OF A BRIDGE• Deck or Slab:Deck or Slab: supported roadway on abridge supported roadway on abridge• Beam or Girder:Beam or Girder: A rigid, usually horizontal, A rigid, usually horizontal, structural elementstructural element• Abutment:Abutment: The outermost end supports on a The outermost end supports on a bridge, which carry the load from bridge, which carry the load from the deckthe deck• Pier:Pier: A vertical supporting structure, such as a A vertical supporting structure, such as a pillarpillar• FoundationFoundationDeckDeckGirderGirderAbutmentAbutmentPierPierCOMPONENTS OF A BRIDGECOMPONENTS OF A BRIDGETYPES OF BRIDGESTYPES OF BRIDGES•Beam or Girder BridgeBeam or Girder Bridge•Truss BridgeTruss Bridge•Rigid Frame BridgeRigid Frame Bridge•Arch BridgeArch Bridge•Cable Stayed BridgeCable Stayed Bridge•Suspension BridgeSuspension BridgeGIRDER BRIDGEGIRDER BRIDGEChesapeake Chesapeake Bay Bridge, Bay Bridge, VirginiaVirginia• Typical span length 30 to 650 ft• World’s longest: Ponte Costa e Silva, Brazil with a center span of 1000 ftTRUSS BRIDGETRUSS BRIDGEFirth of Forth Bridge, ScotlandFirth of Forth Bridge, Scotland• Typical span length 150 to 1500 ft• World’s longest: Pont de Quebec, Canada with a center span of 1800 ftRIGID FRAME BRIDGERIGID FRAME BRIDGE•Girders and piers act togetherGirders and piers act together•Cross-sections are usually I-shaped or box-shaped.Cross-sections are usually I-shaped or box-shaped.•Design calculations for rigid Design calculations for rigid frame bridges are more frame bridges are more difficult than those of simple difficult than those of simple girder bridges.girder bridges.ARCH BRIDGEARCH BRIDGE• After girders, arches are the second oldest bridge type.After girders, arches are the second oldest bridge type.• Arches are good choices for crossing valleys and rivers Arches are good choices for crossing valleys and rivers • Arches can be one of Arches can be one of the more beautiful the more beautiful bridge types.bridge types.• Typical span lengthTypical span length 130 ft – 500 ft.130 ft – 500 ft.• World’s longest:World’s longest: New River Gorge Bridge, U.S.A. with a center span of New River Gorge Bridge, U.S.A. with a center span of 1700 ft.1700 ft.Larimer Avenue Bridge, Pittsburgh Larimer Avenue Bridge, PittsburghCABLE STAYED BRIDGECABLE STAYED BRIDGENormandie Normandie BridgeBridge• Continuous girder with Continuous girder with one or more towers one or more towers erected above in the erected above in the middle of the span.middle of the span.• From these towers From these towers cables stretch down cables stretch down diagonally and support diagonally and support the girder.the girder.• Typical span lengthTypical span length 350 to 1600 ft.350 to 1600 ft.• World’s largest bridge:World’s largest bridge: Tatara Bridge, JapanTatara Bridge, Japan center span: 2900 ft.center span: 2900 ft.SUSPENSION BRIDGESUSPENSION BRIDGE• Continuous girder Continuous girder with one or more with one or more towers erected above towers erected above in the middle of the in the middle of the span.span.• At both ends of the At both ends of the bridge, large anchors bridge, large anchors or counter weights are or counter weights are placed to hold the placed to hold the ends of the cables.ends of the cables.• Typical span lengthTypical span length 250 to 3000 ft.250 to 3000 ft.Golden Gate Bridge, Golden Gate Bridge, CaliforniaCaliforniaFactors Describe a Bridge Factors Describe a Bridge Four main factors are used in describing a bridge:• Span (simple, continuous, cantilever)• Material (stone, concrete, metal, etc.)• Placement of the travel surface in relation to the structure (deck, through)• Form (beam, arch, truss, etc.).Basic Span TypesBasic Span TypesSimple SpanContinuous SpanCantilever SpanLOADS ON BRIDGESLOADS ON BRIDGES• Permanent Loads: remain on the bridge for an extended period of time (self weight of the bridge)• Transient Loads: loads which are not permanent - gravity loads due to vehicular, railway and pedestrian traffic - lateral loads due to water and wind, ice floes, ship collision, earthquake, etc.VEHICULAR DESIGN LOADS (HL 93)VEHICULAR DESIGN LOADS (HL 93)• AASHTO – American Association of State Highway and Transportation OfficialsThis model consists of:• Design Truck• Design Tandem• Design Lane145 kN 145 kN 35 kN4.3 to 9.0 m 4.3 m9.3 N/mDESIGN TRUCKDESIGN TRUCKDESIGN TRUCK110 kN 110 kN9.3 N/m1.2 mDESIGN TANDEMDESIGN TANDEMDESIGN TANDEMDESIGN PRINCIPLESDESIGN PRINCIPLESResistance ≥ effect of the applied loads Strength of the Member ≥ Factor of Safety x Applied LoadAllowable Stress Design (ASD):Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD):η ∑γiQi ≤ φi RnWhere, Qi = Effect of loads Rn = Nominal resistance γi = Statistically based resistance factor applied to the force effects φi = Statistically based resistance factor applied to the nominal resistance η = Load modification factorMATERIALS FOR BRIDGESMATERIALS FOR BRIDGES• Concrete• Steel• WoodCONCRETE BRIDGESCONCRETE BRIDGES• Raw materials of concrete: cement, fine aggregate coarse aggregate, water• Easily available• can be designed to satisfy almost any geometric alignment, straight to curved• can be cast-in-place or precast•


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FSU EGN 1004L - Bridge Design1

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