BIOL 1050 Lecture 26 Outline of Last LectureI. Animal Diversitya. Vertebratesb. InvertebratesII. EcologyOutline of Current LectureI. Organismal EcologyII. Population Ecology Current LectureI. Organismal Ecologya. Studies adaptations organisms use to survive in their abiotic environmentsb. Habitat: place where an organism normally livesi. Often determined by abiotic factorsc. 3 types of adaptations allow organisms to adjust to changes in their environmentsi. Physiological responses1. Short-term (hair standing up, etc.)2. Longer-term responses are called acclimationa. Can take days or weeksii. Anatomical responses1. Change in body shape or structure iii. Behavioral responses1. Most animals move to a new location II. Population Ecologya. Focuses on factors that influence a populationsi. Sizeii. Growth rateiii. Densityb. The dispersion pattern of a population is the way individuals are spaced within the populations geographical rangei. Clumped1. Individuals concentrated in resource-rich areasii. Uniform1. Occurs when individuals are territorialThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.iii. Random1. Occurs when no factor is bringing individuals together or pushing them apart (no social behavior)c. Population growthi. Populations increase due to births and immigrationii. Populations decrease due to deaths and emigrationiii. Population grows when births and immigration outnumber deaths and emigration d. Population growth modelsi. There are 2 main ways to model population growth1. Exponential growth model: growth under ideal conditionsa. The larger the population, the faster it growsb. J-shaped growth curve2. Logistic growth model: growth with limitsa. Environmental factors will cause a populations growth to level ofb. S-shaped growth curveii. Population size at which growth is zero: the populations carrying capacity1. Carrying capacity varies depending on species and habitat2. At carrying capacity, the population is as large as it can get in its current environmentiii. Density-dependent factors limit population size1. The growth rate slows as it reaches the carrying capacity because of the density dependent factorsa. Density dependent factorsi. Food supplyii. Habitat for living and breedingiii. Parasite and disease riskiv. Predation
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