TopHat code 497805 Attention and Consciousness PSYCH 414 Cognitive Psychology Professor Joseph Austerweil September 17 2024 Week 2 Attention Day 1 Agenda for Today TopHat Review Administrative Matters Three Content Questions 1 Neural review How do we recognize faces 2 How do we perceive speech 3 What is selective attention Lecture Summary Preview of Next Class PSYC414 Austerweil Week 2 Attention Day 1 Administrative Matters Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Reading Textbook Reading Textbook Reading for Next Week Media Activity Discussion Post Lecture Quiz Watch linked media Do activity in module Write about media and activity Lecture 9 30 10 45am in PSYC 105 Lecture 9 30 10 45am in PSYC 105 Quizzes and discussion posts due at 9am Discussion posts on Thursday Quizzes on Sunday Late exams quizzes and discussion posts receive zero credit Will make sure textbook reading for following week is posted by Friday even if the full module isn t ready yet That will be posted sometime Sunday Take Quiz for Week s Material PSYC414 Austerweil Week 2 Attention Day 1 Administrative Matters In case you are ever confused about what reading to do it s listed for entire semester in syllabus already PSYC414 Austerweil Week 2 Attention Day 1 Agenda for Today TopHat Review Administrative Matters Three Content Questions 1 Neural review How do we recognize faces 2 How do we perceive speech 3 What is selective attention Lecture Summary Preview of Next Class PSYC414 Austerweil Week 2 Attention Day 1 Are objects and faces encoded differently Prior work already established FFA as responding selectively to upright vs inverted faces It selectively responds to objects within a person s perceptual expertise Gauthier et al 2000 Temporal lobe PSYC414 Austerweil Haxby et al 2001 Week 2 Attention Day 1 Are objects and faces encoded differently While in fMRI scanner participants saw images 2 sec at a time and reported yes no whether current image is different view of same object face BOLD signal used to determine whether objects in same category are closer together on brain Haxby et al 2001 PSYC414 Austerweil Week 2 Attention Day 1 Are objects and faces encoded differently While in fMRI scanner participants saw images 2 sec at a time and reported yes no whether current image is different view of same object face BOLD signal used to determine whether objects in same category are closer together on brain Haxby et al 2001 PSYC414 Austerweil Week 2 Attention Day 1 Are objects and faces encoded differently Typical axial slice from fMRI Baseline average activation across all trials Warmer colors more activated than baseline Cooler colors less activated than baseline Haxby et al 2001 PSYC414 Austerweil Week 2 Attention Day 1 Responses to houses seem similarly selective and localized as responses to faces How to look at more systematically Haxby et al 2001 PSYC414 Austerweil Week 2 Attention Day 1 Are objects and faces encoded differently TL DR Many object types have localized responses in area near fusiform gyrus FFA Faces encoded similar to other objects we have a lot of experience with Haxby et al 2001 PSYC414 Austerweil Week 2 Attention Day 1 Agenda for Today TopHat Review Administrative Matters Three Content Questions 1 Neural review How do we recognize faces 2 How do we perceive speech 3 What is selective attention Lecture Summary Preview of Next Class PSYC414 Austerweil Week 2 Attention Day 1 What is the problem of audio perception What is audio perception Conversion from raw sensory input to unit of thought Will focus on audition for this section PSYC414 Austerweil Week 2 Attention Day 1 Waveform annotated with the sounds English speakers hear Audition Mental representation for mining a year of speech The waveform is the physical vibrations through air that produces auditory perception when heard by a person http www phon ox ac uk mining speech Phoneme is the primitive unit of spoken language How hard is it to perceive these Very only 40 of English word boundaries are predictable physical waveform alone Ambiguity in speech perception vibration patterns look very similar between phonemes Variability in speech perception vibration patterns for same phoneme can be very different Inter speaker variability differences in vibration patterns for the same phoneme when spoken by different speakers of the same language PSYC414 Austerweil Week 2 Attention Day 1 Variability in Phoneme Pronunciation Variability in speech perception vibration patterns for same phoneme can be very different 1 Inter speaker variability differences in vibration patterns for the same phoneme when spoken by different speakers of the same language Imprecise pronunciations speakers are often sloppy when speaking e g partial word omission swallowing 3 Coarticulation Phoneme pronunciation is affected by 2 mouth position of last spoken phoneme 1 d in idle vs d in don t PSYC414 Austerweil Week 2 Attention Day 1 Constructive Speech Perception Noisy environments are typical Yet we usually understand Phonemic restoration Despite interference during a phoneme listeners typically hear correct phoneme For example occasional noises during lecture Warren and Warren 1970 1 2 3 Despite cough interference listener hear wheel 1 heel 2 and peel 3 Examples of which class themes Cognitive processes are constructive and active Cognitive processes are remarkably efficient and accurate Cognitive processes are interrelated to one another Cognitive processes integrate bottom up and top down processes It was found that the eel was on the axle It was found that the eel was on the shoe It was found that the eel was on the orange PSYC414 Austerweil Week 2 Attention Day 1 Constructive Speech Perception Phoneme perception is strongly influenced by visual cues Given complex problems the mind will use whatever it can to try and solve them The McGurk Effect McGurk MacDonald 1976 https www youtube com watch v tUf0672xAOU PSYC414 Austerweil Week 2 Attention Day 1 Agenda for Today TopHat Review Administrative Matters Three Content Questions 1 Neural review How do we recognize faces 2 How do we perceive speech 3 What is selective attention Lecture Summary Preview of Next Class PSYC414 Austerweil Week 2 Attention Day 1 PSA in London https www youtube com watch v LRFMuGBP15U PSYC414 Austerweil Week 2 Attention Day 1 Agenda for Today TopHat Review Administrative Matters Three Content Questions 1 Neural review How do we recognize faces 2 How do we perceive speech 3 What