This study source was downloaded by 100000764318482 from CourseHero com on 02 06 2022 21 42 18 GMT 06 00 https www coursehero com file 14395837 Chapter 6 test bank Chapter 6True False1 Research in behavioral genetics regularly concludes that people s genes and environment interact in complex ways to determine how they act 2 Because of the preponderance of evidence Maslow s view is widely accepted and enormously influential in management practice 3 Argyris and McGregor believe there is no inherent person structure conflict built into traditional principles of organizational design and management 4 As reported by Kleinfeld 1996 according to a poll taken in 1996 75 of U S workers felt companies had become less loyal to their employees but 64 of workers felt that employees remained loyal to their companies I think this item is too specific to a particular poll in a specific year 5 Research shows that downsizing often hurts firm performance more than it helps 6 Prior to the establishment of the human resource frame it was widely assumed that the workers duty was to simply work and follow orders with no rights beyond a paycheck 7 According to Argyris and McGregor employee absenteeism alienation and resistance are a predictable consequence of traditional principles of organizational design and management 8 According to Bolman and Deal the theories of Maslow McGregor and Argyris suggest that the conflict between individuals and organizations would be eliminated as people became more highly educated and more affluent Answers1 T P 123 In extreme forms both the nature and nurture arguments are misleading Themajority of scholars see human behavior as resulting from and interplay of heredity and environment 2 F P 125 Maslow s view is widely accepted and enormously influential in managementpractice but not because of the preponderance of evidence Attempts to validate the model have produced mixed results 3 F P 127 Argyris and McGregor saw person structure conflict built into traditional principles of organizational design and management The structural concept of task specialization defines jobs as narrowly as possible to improve efficiency Butthis task specialization makes people feel dehumanized frustrated and angry 4 F P 135 while the first part of the statement is true the second part is false 64 of U S worker felt that employees were less loyal to the companies 5 T P 134 Even when it has paid off in manufacturing when new technology and smart management combine to enable fewer people to do more it risks trading short term gains for long term decay But overall research shows that cutting employees hurts firm performance more often than helps 6 T P 121 The human resource frame criticized this assumption on two grounds it was unfair and it was bad psychology 7 T Pp 119 20 This study source was downloaded by 100000764318482 from CourseHero com on 02 06 2022 21 42 18 GMT 06 00 https www coursehero com file 14395837 Chapter 6 test bank 8 F P 124 Multiple Choice1 Mary Follett and Elton Mayo argued thata Workers skills attitudes energy and commitment are vital resources that can make or break an enterprise b Workers rarely work as hard as they should c It is the duty of the employee to work hard and follow orders d Workers need organizations much more that organizations need workers 2 In academic circles a There is shared understanding that managers would benefit from focusing on employees psychic needs as opposed to specific performance goalsb The concept of need has been proven meaningless c Everyone appreciates the concept of need d The concept of need is controversial 3 Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs modela Has been scientifically validatedb Assumes that lower level needs must be fulfilled before higher levels needs can be fulfilledc Identifies esteem need as the highest human need d Identifies love as the most basic human need4 Theory X assumes thata The task of management is to arrange conditions so that people can achieve their own goals by directing their efforts toward organizational rewardsb Subordinates are active ambitious and like to take initiativec Subordinates are passive and lazyd Management needs to align organizational requirements with employees self interest 5 What is the message of the Charlie Chaplin film Modern Times a Industrial organizations exist to maximize profit b Industrial organizations abuse workers and treat them like infants c Industrial organizations maximize efficiency d Industrial organizations respect workers as long as they are productive 6 As a result of a shift from a production intensive to an information intensive global economy a Manufacturing jobs are making a comeback b Low skill workers have better job prospects than in the past c Jobs require much higher skill levels than in the past d Organizations are becoming more centralized 7 The example of Al Dunlap when he headed Scott Paper is used to illustratea The long term effectiveness of downsizing on organizational performance b The long term negative effects of downsizing on employee morale and organizational performance c The positive effects of employee stock options on organizational performance This study source was downloaded by 100000764318482 from CourseHero com on 02 06 2022 21 42 18 GMT 06 00 https www coursehero com file 14395837 Chapter 6 test bank d The effectiveness of employee benefits programs on organizational performance 8 At the top of Maslow s Hierarchy on needs isa Self actualizationb Physiologicalc Safetyd Esteem9 The human resource frame focuses on a The relation between motives and personal growth b The existential dilemmas of the human condition c Alignment between the characteristics of people and organizations d Why human resources are more important than financial resources to organizational success 10 The best summary of McGregor s Theory X and Theory Y is a Theory X works best when employees have limited motivation and skill while Theory Y is more appropriate for employees with higher levels of motivation and skill b Theory X generates a self fulfilling prophecy but Theory Y does not c Theory X relies on external direction whereas Theory Y relies on self control and internal motivation d Theory Y is based on Max Weber s theory of bureaucracy whereas Theory X is derived from Maslow s hierarchical theory of motivation Answers1 a P 121 b c and d are the opposite of what Follett and Mayo believed 2 d P 122 a b and c are false Some theorists argue that the idea is too vague and