nucleus nuclear binding energy 118 119 120 mass defect 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 Chapter 21 Student name 2611 The Earth s core consists mainly of particle accelerator nuclear chain reaction Short Answer Short Answer Short Answer Short Answer Short Answer A Ni B O C Al D Si E Fe A H B Fe C Al D Si E O 2612 The main effect of the biosphere on the chemistry of the Earth s crust has been to A create a reducing atmosphere B create an oxidizing atmosphere increase the relative humidity C D decrease the relative humidity E increase the level of atmospheric carbon dioxide 2613 The most abundant element in the Earth s crust is 2614 What is defined as the conversion of molecular nitrogen into nitrogen compounds 2615 What is the layer of the atmosphere called that is closest to the surface of the Earth and the thinnest layer of the atmosphere 2616 What is the layer of the atmosphere called which consists of nitrogen oxygen and ozone and the air temperature decreases with increasing altitude 2617 What is the layer of the atmosphere called where the concentration of ozone and other gases is low and the temperature decreases with increasing altitude A nitrogen fixation B nitrogen conversion C nitrogenation D nitrogen turnover E nitrogen cycle A outer atmosphere B mesosphere thermosphere C troposphere D E stratosphere A outer atmosphere B mesosphere thermosphere C troposphere D E stratosphere A outer atmosphere B mesosphere thermosphere C troposphere D E stratosphere 2618 What is the layer of the atmosphere called which is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere and where the increase in temperature in this region is the result of the bombardment of molecular oxygen and nitrogen and atomic species by energetic particles such as electrons and protons from the sun 2619 Another term used for the thermosphere is which of the following 2620 The process in which a gaseous substance is converted into a condensed more usable A outer atmosphere B mesosphere thermosphere C troposphere D E stratosphere A Earth s crust B mesosphere ionosphere C troposphere D E stratosphere chemical substance is called liquefaction fixation A differentiation B C D deposition E remediation of these fixes the most nitrogen A biological B atmospheric C D E industrial industrial atmospheric industrial biological 2621 Nitrogen fixation occurs through atmospheric industrial and biological processes Which 2622 What are the main mineral sources of phosphorus A phosphides B phosphites C phosphors D phosphates E elemental phosphorus 2623 Which one of the following is not one of the five gaseous components in highest concentration in the atmosphere A CH4 B CO2 C N2 D Ar E O2 2624 Plants extract phosphate from the soil roots B by converting it to phosphoric acid C by osmosis D by leaching E by fixation A by converting it to the dihydrogen phosphate ion by addition of acid to the soil near 2625 An increase in the amount of particulate matter dust and smoke in the atmosphere may result in cooler world temperatures because A more sunlight is absorbed by Earth B more infrared radiation is emitted into space C D dust reacts with ozone in an exothermic reaction the dust reflects solar radiation 2626 Which of these reactions is an example of nitrogen fixation A 2N2O 2N2 O2 NH3 H2O B C N2 O2 D 2NO2 H2O E 2NO O2 2NO 2NO2 OH HNO2 HNO3 2627 Currently the CO2 content of Earth s atmosphere is approximately A 1 B 20 C 25 ppm D 330 ppm E 600 ppm infrared radiation A B acid rain C visible sunlight D radioactivity E ultraviolet rays thermosphere A B mesosphere C stratosphere troposphere D 2628 Ozone in the stratosphere protects animals and plants from 2629 Which region of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer 2630 What was responsible for the orange glow observed by astronauts on the outside surface of their space shuttle as they were orbiting the Earth A O2 interacting with SO2 to form SO2 excited state molecules B An oxygen atom interacting with nitric oxide adsorbed on the shuttle s surface to form electronically excited nitrogen dioxide NO2 C N2 interacting with CO2 to form CO2 excited state molecules D CO and CO2 interacting to form CO3 excited state molecules E Star dust from the stratosphere combining with upper atmospheric O2 gases 2631 What element is the most abundant by mass in Earth s crust 2632 Heat is radiated from Earth to space predominately in the form of 2633 What is the name given to the violent eruptions on the surface of the sun resulting in the ejection of myriad electrons and protons into space A Fe B H C K D P E O infrared radiation A radioactivity B C visible light D solar flares E UV radiation A solar vulcanizations B solar lighting C stellar explosions D solar explosions E solar flares 2634 What is the name given to the spectacular celestial light shown in the sky resulting from electrons and protons in space ejected from solar eruptions 2635 What is the name given to the incoming streams of solar protons and electrons oriented by Earth s magnetic field occurring in the Southern Hemisphere 2636 What is the name given to the incoming streams of solar protons and electrons oriented by Earth s magnetic field occurring in the Northern Hemisphere 2637 Ozone is formed in the atmosphere by the combination of oxygen molecules with A auroras B astral lights C stellar explosions D cosmic flares E solar flare A southern auroras B Aurora australis C southern celesta ions D Aurora borealis E solar flares A northern auroras B Aurora australis C northern celesta ions D Aurora borealis E solar flares A chlorofluorocarbons B hydrocarbons C oxygen atoms D CO2 E ClO 2638 Ozone O3 and oxygen gas O2 are examples of isotopes A B allotropes C polymorphs D alloys E amphoterism 2639 The presence of ozone in the upper atmosphere is important because A O3 absorbs outgoing radiation from the Earth s surface thus helping to keep the Earth warm B O3 absorbs harmful solar radiation C O3 dissolves in water droplets and is very reactive D O3 is a major reactant in photosynthesis 2640 Which of the following has not been blamed on the destruction of the ozone layer increased number of skin cancer cases A damage to crops B C genetic mutations D increasing global CO2 concentrations 2641 Which of the following is a catalyst in the destruction of ozone A ClO B O3 C CF3Cl D Cl E O2 2642 Which choice lists two effects expected from the depletion of the ozone layer 2643 Which statement about ozone and the ozone layer is true A Ozone is found in a band of almost