7th Edition Paraphrasing and Citation Activities In any academic paper writers must show how their work relates to and builds on existing research However published works are usually dense with information Even one sentence may include several interconnected ideas only some of which are relevant to the paper topic Writers may need to summarize one sentence several sentences or entire studies Effective paraphrasing and citation skills allow writers to clearly and concisely present and credit the most important or relevant ideas from published works in their papers With these skills writers become better prepared to make unique contributions to knowledge in their field Instructions Complete the following activities to practice your paraphrasing and citation skills Then compare your answers with those from the APA Style team see pages 6 and 7 of this instructional aid as well as your classmates or colleagues In completing the activities you can type your answers directly into the PDF using the text fields If you need more space or have trouble applying formatting e g italics copy the needed information into your preferred word processing program and edit it there Start by asking yourself the following questions 1 Did you paraphrase effectively Or did you patchwrite change only a few words substitute synonyms on a one to one basis rather than paraphrase restate in your own words reframe ideas for your paper context 2 How are your sentences different from the sentences from the APA Style team From those of your classmates or colleagues How are they the same 3 What other ways are there to paraphrase How could you emphasize different ideas Reminders and Tips Remember there are many acceptable ways to paraphrase a sentence the sentences in these activities are only examples Want more practice Select your own passages and try the activities again Activity 1 Paraphrasing One Sentence This activity consists of three steps 1 Read the following published sentence and then paraphrase it that is rewrite it in your own words You do not need to repeat every element Instead try changing the focus of the sentence while preserving the meaning of the original 2 Write an APA Style reference list entry for the published work using the source information provided Look up the document type in Chapter 10 of the Publication Manual and follow the appropriate reference example 3 Figure out the in text citation that corresponds to the reference list entry Then add a parenthetical citation to your paraphrased sentence Use the standard citation formats shown in Table 8 1 of the Publication Manual Published Sentence Leaders who lack emotional and social competence undoubtedly can become a liability to organizations directly leading to employee disengagement absenteeism stress disability claims hostile workplace lawsuits and increased health care expenses Source Information Document type Journal article Section 10 1 Authors Kenneth Nowack and Paul Zak Publication year 2020 Article title Empathy enhancing antidotes for interpersonally toxic leaders Journal information C onsulting Psychology Journal Practice and Research Volume 72 Issue 2 pages 119 133 DOI https doi org 10 1037 cpb0000164 Your paraphrased sentence and parenthetical in text citation Your reference list entry 2 Activity 2 Summarizing Multiple Sentences This activity consists of three steps 1 Read the following published sentences and summarize the authors findings in your own words in one sentence 2 Write an APA Style reference list entry for the published work using the source information provided see Chapter 10 of the Publication Manual for examples 3 Figure out the in text citation that corresponds to your reference list entry Then add a narrative citation to your paraphrased sentence You do not need to re cite the works that are already cited in the published sentences Published Sentences Research suggests that people exercise less when demands in their job or studies increase Englert Rummel 2016 Oaten Cheng 2005 Sonnentag Jelden 2009 Building upon these findings the present study investigated the relationship between university students implicit theories about willpower and the amount they exercise during their final examination period We hypothesized and found that students with a limited theory about willpower those who believed that their self control resembles a limited resource exercised significantly less than students with a nonlimited theory during this stressful period about 220 min less over the course of 2 weeks Source Information Document type Journal article Section 10 1 Authors Katharina Bernecker and Jule Kramer Publication year 2020 Article title Implicit theories about willpower are associated with exercise levels during the academic examination period Journal information Sport Exercise and Performance Psychology Volume 9 Issue 2 pages 216 231 DOI https doi org 10 1037 spy0000182 Your paraphrased sentence and narrative in text citation Your reference list entry 3