Handout 9 More neutralization Turkish vowels back lab back lab back lab back lab high iy u high eOao Alternations Halle and Clements 1983 85 NominativeSingularNominativePluralGlossipiplerropek zk zlargirljyzjyzlerfacepulpullarstampelellerhandkOjkOjlervillage Alternations The plural marker is ler lar The alternant with e occurs only when the preceding vowel is front The alternant with a occurs only elsewhere Distribution of alternating sounds a does not occur after syll back C0 but does occur elsewhere e occurs there as well as elsewhere Vowel harmony Vowel harmony is a restriction requiring that vowels within a word agree in some feature In this Turkish case vowels within a word must agree in back Vowel harmony can involve any of the vowel features high low lab or ATR Analysis Both front and back vowels occur as phonemes i y u e O a o The underlying representation of the plural suf x lar Rule Back vowel harmony V back low ATR V C0 back Turkish Halle and Clements 1983 137 139 NominativesingularNominativepluralPossessedGlossodaodalarodas roomderederelerderesirivertilkitilkilertilkisifoxytyytylerytysypress ironar ar larar s beeboruborularborusupipebalobalolarbalosuball The possessed The suf x marking possessed has an alternating form s si sy su The alternating sounds are i y u These sounds are alternating so they must be in complementary or neutralization distribution The distribution of the alternants To determine the distribution of the alternating sounds we rst look at the distribution of the different alternants s occurs after syll back lab si occurs after syll back lab su occurs after syll back lab sy occurs after syll back lab The distribution of the alternating sounds Generalizing to the distribution of the alternating sounds An unrounded high vowel does not occur after syll lab C0 but it does occur elsewhere A rounded high vowel occurs there as well as elsewhere A back vowel does not occur after syll back C0 but it does occur elsewhere A front vowel occurs there as well as elsewhere Analysis The underlying representation of the alternating suf x is s Round vowel harmony V lab V C0 high lab Derivations Underlying representation Back vowel harmony Round vowel harmony Surface representation dere s yty s balo s dere si yty si yty sy balo su deresi ytysy balosu Turkish Gloss Dative Halle and Clements 1983 137 139 Nominative singular kep sap kap tat alt Nominative plural kep ler sap lar kap lar tat lar alt lar cap stalk container taste bottom ke pe sa pa ka ba ta da al ta Turkish Nominative singular kurt satS sarp gytS reNk Dative kur da sa tSa sar pa gy dZe reN ge Nominative plural kurt lar satS lar sarp lar gytS ler reNk ler Gloss worm hair steep power color Turkish Alternations List the alternations in the last two tables List any new alternating sounds State the distribution of these alternating sounds Turkish Analysis Give the underlying representations of all alternating morphemes State the rule responsible for the alternation that we have not yet treated Turkish Derivations gydZe gytSler Underlying representation Back vowel harmony Round vowel harmony Surface representation Moore Burkina Fasso Kenstowicz 1994 53 Hyphens separate morphemes The suf xes go gu and re ri le li mark the singular for two different noun classes List all the vowels in this sample List all of the ATR vowels List all of the high vowels Moore kor go sack kug ri stone laN go hole tUb re ear bId go sorrel gob re left hand zu gu head la re hatchet pil gu granary rakil li woodbundle rUg go pot bEd re big sen go rainyseason gel le egg Moore The alternating sounds are o u e i and r l State their distributions Give underlying representations for the two alternating suf xes State the rules that account for the alternations Moore Derivations Underlying representation Surface representation pilgu rakilli tUbre References Halle Morris and G N Clements 1983 Problem Book in Phonology MIT Press Cambridge Kenstowicz Michael 1994 Phonology in Generative Grammar Blackwell Cambridge