Pharmacology Presented by Abigail Atiwag Pharmacology is the branch of science that deals with the study of drugs their actions interactions uses and effects on living organisms Here are key aspects and topics related to pharmacology Drug Classification and Nomenclature Learn about the classification of drugs based on their chemical structure therapeutic effects mechanism of action pharmacokinetics absorption distribution metabolism excretion and pharmacodynamics drug receptor interactions drug responses Drug Development and Discovery Explore the process of drug discovery drug development stages preclinical research clinical trials drug approval pathways pharmaceutical industry regulations drug safety assessments pharmacovigilance and post marketing surveillance Drug Administration Routes and Dosage Forms Understand different drug administration routes oral parenteral topical inhalation rectal and dosage forms tablets capsules injections suspensions creams ointments patches used for drug delivery and therapeutic purposes Pharmacokinetics Study drug absorption distribution metabolism and excretion processes in the body Learn about drug bioavailability drug half life drug clearance drug drug interactions drug metabolism pathways e g liver metabolism cytochrome P450 enzymes and factors influencing drug pharmacokinetics e g age genetics disease states Pharmacodynamics Explore drug receptor interactions drug mechanisms of action drug effects on cellular signaling pathways neurotransmitter systems enzyme inhibition or activation ion channel modulation receptor agonism or antagonism and dose response relationships Drug Targets and Molecular Pharmacology Investigate drug targets in the body including receptors enzymes ion channels transporters DNA RNA proteins and cellular structures Understand molecular pharmacology drug binding sites drug affinity drug selectivity and drug specificity Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine Study pharmacogenomics which explores how genetic variations influence drug responses drug metabolism drug efficacy drug toxicity and individualized drug therapy Understand the role of pharmacogenetics in personalized medicine and precision pharmacotherapy Adverse Drug Reactions and Drug Safety Identify common adverse drug reactions ADRs drug allergies drug hypersensitivity reactions idiosyncratic drug reactions drug drug interactions drug food interactions drug induced organ toxicity and strategies for drug safety monitoring and risk management Pharmacotherapy and Therapeutic Drug Classes Explore therapeutic drug classes used for treating various medical conditions including analgesics antibiotics antivirals antifungals antihypertensives antiarrhythmics diuretics anticoagulants antidepressants antipsychotics anxiolytics immunosuppressants anti inflammatory drugs antidiabetic agents and anticancer drugs Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Modeling Utilize pharmacokinetic modeling e g compartmental modeling non compartmental modeling pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic modeling and pharmacodynamic modeling techniques to predict drug concentrations drug effects drug interactions therapeutic outcomes and individualized dosing regimens Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy Management Apply principles of clinical pharmacology in patient care drug therapy management medication reconciliation therapeutic drug monitoring dose adjustments drug adherence drug efficacy assessments drug interactions assessments and medication safety protocols Pharmacology in Special Populations Consider pharmacological considerations in special populations such as pediatric pharmacology geriatric pharmacology pregnancy and lactation pharmacology pharmacology in patients with renal impairment pharmacology in patients with hepatic impairment and pharmacology in critically ill patients Toxicology and Poison Control Learn about toxicology principles mechanisms of drug toxicity overdose management poison control centers toxicological screenings antidotes detoxification procedures environmental toxicants chemical exposures and toxicological risk assessments Pharmacoeconomics and Health Economics Explore pharmacoeconomics concepts cost effectiveness analyses cost benefit analyses drug pricing healthcare expenditures formulary management health insurance coverage for medications and economic evaluations of pharmaceutical interventions Pharmacological Research and Advances Stay updated with pharmacological research advancements drug discovery technologies pharmacogenomic studies drug repurposing strategies drug delivery innovations nanomedicine applications drug target interactions research pharmacological assays and preclinical studies in pharmacology By focusing on these key aspects of pharmacology pharmacologists healthcare professionals pharmacists researchers drug developers and regulatory agencies can advance drug development improve drug safety optimize drug therapy outcomes enhance patient care and contribute to advancements in pharmacological science and clinical practice THANK YOU