ES 370 Biomechanics I Kinematics of Sprinting Introduction Linear speed is commonly perceived to be one of the key determinants of performance in many sporting endeavors Faster athletes score more often Gabbett et al 2011 have a bigger impact in match determining situations Faude et al 2012 and sign bigger professional contracts Treme et al 2009 than their slower peers As such it s unsurprising that speed is such a desirable physical quality Speed refers to the distance that a person travels over a given elapsed time and is a scalar unit Whereas velocity is the displacement d of a person over a given elapsed time t such that velocity d t Velocity is a vector unit so magnitude and direction must be determined In sprinting events an athlete s goal is to cover a predetermined distance in the shortest possible time However the duration required to attain maximum velocity or acceleration v t is an equally crucial component What good is having the fastest velocity if the race is over before you have achieved that velocity Finally the ability to sustain maximum velocity termed speed endurance is the last kinematic variable to consider in sprinting events lasting 60 m By describing the kinematic aspects of running such as position displacement acceleration velocity and speed endurance we can gain insight into the strengths and weaknesses of an athlete s sprint performance Such data inform our training decisions by helping to identify components of sprint performance that can be improved through training e g max velocity acceleration or speed endurance This lab will require you to collect kinematic data during a 20 m shuttle and 100 m sprint event You will also explore kinematic variables among world class 100 meter sprint performances These activities provide the essence of linear kinematics theory and application In these models the body is considered a single point mass center of mass COM with only linear motion Note Everyone will be asked to run Please come to class wearing appropriate clothing and footwear for running Purpose ES 370 Biomechanics I 1 Calculate kinematic variables during a 20 m shuttle and 100 m sprint 2 Demonstrate the relationships between kinematic variables Procedures Part 1 Determine 20 m shuttle time velocity and acceleration deceleration profiles You will need five people to complete this task One athlete and four others with stopwatches positioned at the start line 10 m 20 m 30 m and 40 m finish lines At a signal the athlete begins the shuttle while all timers synchronously start the stopwatches Distance m Time s Velocity m s Acceleration m s s 0 10 10 20 20 30 30 40 1 97 3 72 6 13 7 44 5 08 2 69 1 63 1 34 2 58 1 36 0 44 0 22 Data management and analysis Access the 100 m Dash Dataset excel file on UB Learns ES 370 Biomechanics I Under the Student Data tab calculate instantaneous 10 m split velocity m s and acceleration m s s for your data Part 2 Determine 100 m dash time velocity and acceleration profiles One student begins from a stationary position at the starting line Timers are placed at each of the following meter lines 10 20 30 40 and the 100 m finish line The timer at the finish line signals the timers to synchronously start their watches by quickly lowering his her arm from a raised position This also signals the runner to sprint As the torso of the subject reaches each line the timer standing opposite that line should stop their watch The process is repeated at each of the other lines through the finish line In effect we are taking splits at specific intervals recorded in the table below Time s Velocity m s Acceleration m s s d m 10 20 30 40 100 You 2 1 9 3 8 2 5 5 7 0 3 15 75 6 13 5 95 You 4 57 6 54 1 15 You 2 09 0 96 0 11 0 38 0 62 Data management and analysis Access the 100 m Dash Dataset excel file on UB Learns Under the Student Data tab calculate instantaneous 10 m split velocity m s and acceleration m s s for your data Under the Homework tab use the data in the table to calculate velocity m s and acceleration m s s for world class sprinters ES 370 d m Reaction Time 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Total Time Biomechanics I 10 meter Split Times s Ben 88 0 132 1 83 1 04 0 93 0 86 0 84 0 83 0 84 0 85 0 87 0 9 9 79 l S e o u l O y m p i c s B e n J o h n s o n 1 9 8 8 Mo 99 0 162 1 86 1 03 0 92 0 88 0 88 0 83 0 83 0 86 0 85 0 85 9 79 M a u r i c e G r e e n 1 9 9 9 W C S e vi l l e S p ai n Tim 02 0 104 1 89 1 03 0 91 0 87 0 84 0 83 0 84 0 84 0 85 0 88 9 78 i I T m M o n t g o m e r y 2 0 0 2 A A F G r a n d P r i x P a r i s AP 05 0 15 1 89 1 02 0 92 0 86 0 85 0 85 0 84 0 84 0 85 0 85 9 77 P r i x T si k l i t i r i a S u p e r G r a n d A s af a P o w el l 2 0 0 5 Bolt 08 0 165 1 85 1 02 0 91 0 87 0 85 0 82 0 82 0 82 0 83 0 9 9 69 U s ai n B o l t 2 0 0 8 B ei j i l n g O y m p i c s Ben 88 Mo 99 Velocity m s Tim 02 AP 05 Bolt 08 Ben 88 Mo 99 Tim 02 AP 05 Bolt 08 Acceleration m s s 5 46 9 62 10 75 11 63 11 90 12 05 11 90 11 76 11 49 11 11 l S e o u l O y m p i c s B e n J o h n s o n 1 9 8 8 5 38 9 71 10 87 11 36 11 36 12 05 12 05 11 63 11 76 11 76 W C S e vi l l e S p ai n M a u r i c e G r e e n 1 9 9 9 5 29 9 71 10 99 11 49 11 90 12 05 11 90 11 90 11 76 11 36 i I A A F G r a n d P …